图像质量评估算法
MAD(Mean Absolute Difference):平均绝对差值
SAD(Sum of Absolute Difference):绝对误差和
SATD(Sum of Absolute Transformed Difference):哈达玛变换算法
SSD(Sum of Squared Difference):差值平方和
MSD(Mean Squared Difference):平均平方误差
SSIM(Structural Similarity Index):结构相似性
MS-SSIM(Multi-Scale-Structural Similarity Index):多层级结构相似性
MAD
D
=
1
W
∗
H
∑
x
=
1
W
∑
y
=
1
H
∣
S
(
x
,
y
)
−
T
(
x
,
y
)
∣
D = \frac{1}{W*H}\sum_{x=1}^{W}\sum_{y=1}^{H}|S(x,y)-T(x,y)|
D=W∗H1x=1∑Wy=1∑H∣S(x,y)−T(x,y)∣
S(x,y)S(x,y) 表示原始图像在坐标(x,y)(x,y)的像素值,T(x,y)T(x,y)为待评价图像在坐标(x,y)(x,y)的像素值。WW代表图像宽度,HH代表图像高度。DD代表待评估图像与原始图像质量区别(或称失真度),越小越好。
SAD
D
=
∑
x
=
1
W
∑
y
=
1
H
∣
S
(
x
,
y
)
−
T
(
x
,
y
)
∣
D = \sum_{x=1}^{W}\sum_{y=1}^{H}|S(x,y)-T(x,y)|
D=x=1∑Wy=1∑H∣S(x,y)−T(x,y)∣
变量意义同MAD.
SATD
SAD是两幅图像差值的绝对值的和,SATD为两幅图像差值进行哈达玛变化后系数的绝对值的和。
SSD
D
=
∑
x
=
1
W
∑
y
=
1
H
∣
S
(
x
,
y
)
−
T
(
x
,
y
)
∣
2
D = \sum_{x=1}^{W}\sum_{y=1}^{H}|S(x,y)-T(x,y)|^2
D=x=1∑Wy=1∑H∣S(x,y)−T(x,y)∣2
变量意义同MAD.
MSD
D
=
1
W
∗
H
∑
x
=
1
W
∑
y
=
1
H
∣
S
(
x
,
y
)
−
T
(
x
,
y
)
∣
2
D = \frac{1}{W*H}\sum_{x=1}^{W}\sum_{y=1}^{H}|S(x,y)-T(x,y)|^2
D=W∗H1x=1∑Wy=1∑H∣S(x,y)−T(x,y)∣2
变量意义同MAD。
SSIM结构相似性
首先计算图像均指
u
X
=
1
R
∗
C
∑
i
=
1
R
∑
j
=
1
C
X
(
i
,
j
)
u_X = \frac{1}{R*C}\sum_{i=1}^{R}\sum_{j=1}^{C}X(i,j)
uX=R∗C1i=1∑Rj=1∑CX(i,j)
u
Y
=
1
R
∗
C
∑
i
=
1
R
∑
j
=
1
C
Y
(
i
,
j
)
u_Y = \frac{1}{R*C}\sum_{i=1}^{R}\sum_{j=1}^{C}Y(i,j)
uY=R∗C1i=1∑Rj=1∑CY(i,j)
计算图像的方差
σ
X
2
=
1
R
∗
C
−
1
∑
i
=
1
R
∑
j
=
1
C
(
X
(
i
,
j
)
−
u
X
)
\sigma^2_X = \frac{1}{R*C-1}\sum_{i=1}^{R}\sum_{j=1}^{C}(X(i,j)-u_X)
σX2=R∗C−11i=1∑Rj=1∑C(X(i,j)−uX)
σ
Y
2
=
1
R
∗
C
−
1
∑
i
=
1
R
∑
j
=
1
C
(
Y
(
i
,
j
)
−
u
Y
)
\sigma^2_Y = \frac{1}{R*C-1}\sum_{i=1}^{R}\sum_{j=1}^{C}(Y(i,j)-u_Y)
σY2=R∗C−11i=1∑Rj=1∑C(Y(i,j)−uY)
σ
X
=
σ
X
2
\sigma_X = \sqrt{\sigma^2_X}
σX=σX2
σ
Y
=
σ
Y
2
\sigma_Y = \sqrt{\sigma^2_Y}
σY=σY2
计算图像的协方差
σ
X
Y
=
1
R
∗
C
−
1
∑
i
=
1
R
∑
j
=
1
C
(
X
(
i
,
j
)
−
u
X
)
\sigma_{XY} = \frac{1}{R*C-1}\sum_{i=1}^{R}\sum_{j=1}^{C}(X(i,j)-u_X)
σXY=R∗C−11i=1∑Rj=1∑C(X(i,j)−uX)
计算中间方程组
L
(
X
,
Y
)
=
2
u
X
u
Y
+
C
1
u
X
2
+
u
Y
2
+
C
1
L(X,Y) = \frac{2u_Xu_Y + C_1}{u_X^2 + u_Y^2 + C_1}
L(X,Y)=uX2+uY2+C12uXuY+C1
C
(
X
,
Y
)
=
2
σ
X
σ
Y
+
C
2
σ
X
2
+
σ
Y
2
+
C
2
C(X,Y) = \frac{2\sigma_X\sigma_Y + C_2}{\sigma_X^2 + \sigma_Y^2 + C_2}
C(X,Y)=σX2+σY2+C22σXσY+C2
S
(
X
,
Y
)
=
σ
X
Y
+
C
3
σ
X
σ
Y
+
C
3
S(X,Y) = \frac{\sigma_{XY}+C_3}{\sigma_X\sigma_Y + C_3}
S(X,Y)=σXσY+C3σXY+C3
其中L(X,Y)是亮度对比因子,C(X,Y)是对比度因子,S(X,Y)是结构对比因子。
计算SSIM:
S
S
I
M
(
X
,
Y
)
=
L
(
X
,
Y
)
×
C
(
X
,
Y
)
×
S
(
X
,
Y
)
SSIM(X,Y)=L(X,Y)×C(X,Y)×S(X,Y)
SSIM(X,Y)=L(X,Y)×C(X,Y)×S(X,Y)
当设定C3=C2∖2公式可以简写为如下形式:
S
S
I
M
(
X
,
Y
)
=
(
2
u
X
u
Y
+
C
1
)
(
2
σ
X
Y
+
C
2
)
(
u
X
2
+
u
Y
2
+
C
1
)
(
σ
X
2
+
σ
Y
2
+
C
2
)
SSIM(X,Y) = \frac{(2u_Xu_Y + C_1)(2\sigma_{XY}+C_2)}{(u_X^2 + u_Y^2 + C_1)(\sigma_X^2 + \sigma_Y^2 + C_2)}
SSIM(X,Y)=(uX2+uY2+C1)(σX2+σY2+C2)(2uXuY+C1)(2σXY+C2)
MS-SSIM多层级结构相似性
宽高以\(2_{M-1}\)为因子进行缩小。当M=1时,表示原始图像大小;当M=2时,表示原始图像缩小一半,以此类推。
S
S
I
M
(
X
,
Y
)
=
[
L
M
(
X
,
Y
)
]
α
M
∑
J
=
1
M
[
C
J
(
X
,
Y
)
]
β
j
[
S
J
(
X
,
Y
)
]
γ
j
SSIM(X,Y) = [L_M(X,Y)]^{\alpha M}\sum_{J=1}{M}[C_J(X,Y)]^{\beta_j}[S_J(X,Y)]^{\gamma_j}
SSIM(X,Y)=[LM(X,Y)]αMJ=1∑M[CJ(X,Y)]βj[SJ(X,Y)]γj