享元设计模式

1、概念

运用共享技术来有效地支持大量细粒度对象的复用。它通过共享已经存在的对象来大幅度减少需要创建的对象数量、避免大量相似类的开销，从而提高系统资源的利用率。
享元模式把对象的信息分为两个部分：内部状态和外部状态。

• 内部状态指对象共享出来的信息，存储在享元信息内部，并且不回随环境的改变而改变；
• 外部状态指对象得以依赖的一个标记，随环境的改变而改变，不可共享。
  优点：
• 相同对象只要保存一份，这降低了系统中对象的数量，从而降低了系统中细粒度对象给内存带来的压力。
  缺点：
• 为了使对象可以共享，需要将一些不能共享的状态外部化，这将增加程序的复杂性。
• 读取享元模式的外部状态会使得运行时间稍微变长。

2、实现

享元模式的主要角色：

• 抽象享元角色（Flyweight）：是所有的具体享元类的基类，为具体享元规范需要实现的公共接口，非享元的外部状态以参数的形式通过方法传入。
• 具体享元（Concrete Flyweight）角色：实现抽象享元角色中所规定的接口。
• 非享元（Unsharable Flyweight)角色：是不可以共享的外部状态，它以参数的形式注入具体享元的相关方法中。
• 享元工厂（Flyweight Factory）角色：负责创建和管理享元角色。当客户对象请求一个享元对象时，享元工厂检査系统中是否存在符合要求的享元对象，如果存在则提供给客户；如果不存在的话，则创建一个新的享元对象。
  

package com.mine.design.flyweight;

public abstract class Flyweight {
	public abstract void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight unshared);
}

package com.mine.design.flyweight;

public class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
	private String key;
	
	public ConcreteFlyweight(String key) {
		this.key = key;
	}

	@Override
	public void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight unshared) {
		System.out.println("具体享元" + key + "被调用");
		System.out.println("非享元信息:" + unshared.getName());
	}

}

package com.mine.design.flyweight;

public class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight {
	private String name;
	
	public UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

package com.mine.design.flyweight;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class FlyweightFactory {
	private Map<String, Flyweight> map = new HashMap<String, Flyweight>();
	
	public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
		if (!map.containsKey(key)) {
			map.put(key, new ConcreteFlyweight(key));
		}
		
		return map.get(key);
	}
	
	public int getSize() {
		return map.size();
	}
}

package com.mine.design.flyweight;

public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();
		Flyweight flyweight1 = factory.getFlyweight("射雕");
		flyweight1.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("黄老邪"));
		flyweight1.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("欧阳锋"));
		flyweight1.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("一灯"));
		flyweight1.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("洪七"));
		
		Flyweight flyweight2 = factory.getFlyweight("神雕");
		flyweight2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("郭靖"));
		flyweight2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("杨过"));
		flyweight2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("小龙女"));
		flyweight2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("郭芙"));
		flyweight2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("郭襄"));
		flyweight2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(""));
		
		Flyweight flyweight3 = factory.getFlyweight("射雕");
		flyweight3.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("老顽童"));
		flyweight3.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("郭靖"));
		
		Flyweight flyweight4 = factory.getFlyweight("倚天屠龙记");
		flyweight4.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("张三丰"));
		flyweight4.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("张翠山"));
		flyweight4.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("张无忌"));
		flyweight4.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("赵敏"));
		
		Flyweight flyweight5 = factory.getFlyweight("神雕");
		flyweight5.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("老顽童"));
		flyweight5.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("老乞丐"));
		
		System.out.println(factory.getSize());
	}
}