树莓派4B 安装 Tensorflow 1.13.1 保姆级教程

qinyaoze

已于 2023-04-04 14:00:41 修改

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分类专栏：机器学习文章标签： linux tensorflow 人工智能

于 2023-04-04 13:57:50 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/eleven_665/article/details/129766341

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本文介绍了在树莓派上安装Python3.7.3和Tensorflow1.13.1的步骤，包括系统烧录、使用Mobaxterm远程连接、安装Xrdp远程桌面，以及解决protobuf、_ctypes、OpenSSL等依赖问题和h5py缺失的解决方案。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

前排感谢

感谢juelianhuayao、星宇笔记对本篇文章的部分内容支持

下载系统烧录工具

打开链接：Raspberry Pi OS – Raspberry Pi，选择使用的平台，下载烧录工具即可

此处我选择的是Download for Windows，继续下一步

双击下载好的烧录工具，进行安装（无需操作，傻瓜式自动安装）
在菜单栏中找到Raspberry Pi，点开Raspberry Pi Imager

打开时这个界面，我们先将SD卡连接读卡器，插入电脑USB

点击“选择操作系统”，选择你需要的系统，程序会联网下载，此处我选择32位带桌面的树莓派原始系统

点击“选择SD卡”

点击齿轮按钮，对系统做预先设置
- 开启SSH服务：默认勾选即可，选择使用密码登录
- 选择Set username and password，配置登录的账户和密码（从新版开始，需用户自行配置）
- 开启配置WIFI：输入局域无线网的热点名称和密码，树莓派会在启动后自动联网
- 开启语言设置：时区选择Asia/Shanghai，键盘布局选择us
- 永久设置：三个都勾选上

设置配置完成，点击烧录，等待片刻，即可完成系统烧录

使用Mobaxterm连接树莓派

打开连接下载Mobaxterm：点击下载
快捷键Win+R打开运行窗口，输入cmd

输入命令：ping raspberry.local 获得树莓派在局域网中的IP地址
打开Mobaxterm，选择Session，输入获得的IP地址，点击连接，输入账户密码即可连接成功

安装远程桌面Xrdp

此部分原文来自星宇笔记，如遇到问题可查看原文修正

换清华源

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

# 将原始内容注释掉，新增如下两行
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib

添加完成后摁快捷键Ctrl + O，保存文件，记得回车确认，随后 Ctrl + X 退出

同样方法替换raspi.list文件中内容

# 命令行输入
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list 

# 文件中注释原有内容，新增如下内容：
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ buster main ui

pip换源

sudo nano /etc/pip.conf

# 补充下面内容
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

随后运行 sudo apt-get update 和 sudp apt-get upgrade 更新

输入命令：sudo apt-get install xrdp，按回车，输入y确认安装，等待安装完成
输入命令：sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xrdp，按回车，输入y确认安装，等待安装完成
安装完成后，输入：sudo service xrdp restart，重启xrdp服务
使用Windows自带的远程桌面连接树莓派，输入获得的IP地址，填写账户密码确认连接即可
如上一步骤连接中出现蓝屏时，请执行下方的命令操作
- 连接好树莓派4B后，输入sudo gpasswd -d X video后回车，其中X为你的账户名称
- 随后输入sudo gpasswd -d X render后回车，其中X为你的账户名称
- 输入sudo raspi-config，进入设置页面，依次进入System options -> Boot / Auto Login -> Desktop GUI, requiring user to login，重启后即可解决蓝屏问题

回车，然后将光标调到Finish，会询问你是否重启，摁下回车确认，等待系统重启即可

安装Python3.7.3

下载python源码包

curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tar.xz

tar -xf Python-3.7.3.tar.xz
cd Python-3.7.3

生成make编译文件

sudo ./configure --with-ssl
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations

安装和执行make

sudo make
sudo make altinstall

删除原内置python3和pip3，删除lsb_release

// 替换python
which python3.7
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3

//替换pip
which pip3.7
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/pip3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3

//删除lsb_release
which lsb_release
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/lsb_release

测试是否安装成功：出现以下内容即为python3.7.3安装成功

qinyaoze@raspberrypi:~/Python-3.7.3 $ python3
Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 25 2023, 17:19:24)
[GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
qinyaoze@raspberrypi:~/Python-3.7.3 $

安装Tensorflow 1.13.1

下载文件
通过Mobaxterm传入文件
安装文件，执行命令

sudo pip3 install tensorflow-1.13.1-cp37-none-linux_armv7l.whl

等待安装完成即可，显示下方内容即为安装成功

或按照下方的内容输入命令框，验证是否安装成功

qinyaoze@raspberrypi:~/Python-3.7.3 $ python3
Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 26 2023, 21:37:49)
[GCC 10.2.1 20210110] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow as tf
/usr ...一堆内容，不重要！因为是老版本，会出现很多W很正常
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> 
出现上方的空行，即为安装成功

我遇到的问题及解决方案

问题1：protobuf版本错误

解决方案：

sudo pip3 install protobuf==3.19.0

问题2：No module name '_ctypes'

解决方案：

sudo apt-get install libffi-dev

问题3：OpenSSL

原报错信息提醒：
Could not build the ssl module!
Python requires an OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1 compatible libssl with X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host().
LibreSSL 2.6.4 and earlier do not provide the necessary APIs, 
https://github.com/libressl-portable/portable/issues/381

解决方案：

依次执行下方的代码

wget https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/LibreSSL/libressl-2.7.4.tar.gz
tar zxvf libressl-2.7.4.tar.gz
cd libressl-2.7.4
./config --prefix=/usr/local
sudo make install 
sudo nano /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf
添加本行命令：/usr/local/lib
sudo ldconfig -v
回到原Python编译路径:cd /home/你的用户名/Python-3.7.3/Modules/
打开文件：sudo nano Setup
删除有关ssl的代码备注：
SSL=/usr/local
_ssl _ssl.c \
        -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \
        -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
再重新编译Python3.7.3即可

问题4：权限问题

问题情景：当你进行Python3.7.3安装完成测试时，输入exit() 要退出时，出现该错误

profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/parser.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/structmember.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/mystrtoul.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/getcopyright.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/getcompiler.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/ast_unparse.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/ast_opt.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/ast.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/asdl.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/Python-ast.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/namespaceobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/odictobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/iterobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/fileobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/genobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/enumobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/descrobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/complexobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/codeobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/classobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/cellobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/bytearrayobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/bytes_methods.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/accu.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/abstract.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/tokenizer.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/parsetok.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/myreadline.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/node.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/grammar1.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Parser/acceler.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/getbuildinfo.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/xxsubtype.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/symtablemodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/hashtable.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_tracemalloc.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/faulthandler.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/zipimport.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/stringio.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/textio.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/bufferedio.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/bytesio.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/fileio.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/iobase.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_iomodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_localemodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_threadmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/timemodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_stat.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/signalmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/atexitmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/itertoolsmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_abc.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_collectionsmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_operator.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_functoolsmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_weakref.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_codecsmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/_sre.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/pwdmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/errnomodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/posixmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/gcmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/getpath.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/dynload_shlib.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/fileutils.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/formatter_unicode.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/dtoa.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pystrhex.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pystrtod.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pystrcmp.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/getopt.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/traceback.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/thread.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/sysmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/symtable.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/bootstrap_hash.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pytime.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pythonrun.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/hamt.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/context.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pystate.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pylifecycle.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pyhash.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pyarena.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/peephole.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/pathconfig.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/mysnprintf.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/modsupport.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/marshal.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/importdl.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/import.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/getversion.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/getplatform.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/getargs.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/future.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/errors.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/codecs.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/compile.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/ceval.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/bltinmodule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Python/_warnings.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/weakrefobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/unicodectype.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/unicodeobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/typeobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/tupleobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/structseq.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/sliceobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/setobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/rangeobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/capsule.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/obmalloc.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/object.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/moduleobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/methodobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/memoryobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/dictobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/longobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/listobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/funcobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/frameobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/floatobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/exceptions.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/call.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/bytesobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Objects/boolobject.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Modules/main.gcda:Cannot open
profiling:/home/qinyaoze/Python-3.7.3/Programs/python.gcda:Cannot open
qinyaoze@raspberrypi:~/Python-3.7.3 $ Parser/parser.gcda:Cannot open
-bash: Parser/parser.gcda:Cannot: No such file or directory

解决方案：赋予文件夹所有用户权限即可

sudo chmod -R 777 Python3.7.3/

问题4：缺失h5py

解决方案：下载文件 >> 离线本地安装

sudo pip3 install h5py-3.7.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl

问题5：无法导入libhdfs.so

解决方案：原安装为1.14.1版本（因为14的pip不兼容部分tf内容），降低到1.13.1即可

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