Linux命令技巧总结

# 文件拷贝

cp -r /etc /tmp

cd /tmp
tar cvf - /etc | tar xvf -

tar -cvf - filenames | bzip2 > archivefile.tar.bz2

# random number ($RANDOM 0~32767)

declare -i n=$RANDOM*10/32768
echo $n  

# input in 30s

read -p "please input your name: " -t 30 name

# remove file or directory it contains special characters

ls -il
find . -inum inode_num -exec rm -rf {} \;

# Remove DOS CR(^M)

# vim
:set ff=unix
:%s/\r//g
:s/^M//gc

# tr
tr -d "\015" <dosfile >unixfile
tr -s "\r\n" "\n" <dosfile >unixfile

# sed (^M=Ctrl+^, Ctrl+v, Enter)
sed ’s/^M//’ dosfile > unixfile

# dos2unix
dos2uninx dosfile

# col
col -bx < dosfile

# 两天前

date --date="2 days ago" +%Y%m%d

# 修改系统时间

date -s 12/30/2008
date -s 15:36:00
date -s "2012-12-09 14：53：00"

# 硬件时钟与系统时钟同步
hwclock --systohc

*# $@和$区别

$@: [ "$1" "$2" "$3" $4" ]，每个变量都是独立的
$*: [ "$1 $2 $3 $4" ]，分割符默认为空格

# 忘记root密码

1. 重启进入单人模式，使用passwd修改
2. 以Live CD开机后挂载根目录，清空/etc/shadow中root密码字段

# 查询大文件

du | sort -nr | head

# 删除文件中的字母

tr --delete 'the' < mytest.txt

# 列出网卡名成

dmesg | grep -n --color=auto 'eth'
dmesg | grep -n --color=auto -B2 -A3 'eth'     # B: before A:after

# 制作patch

diff -Naur passwd passwd.new > passwd.patch
patch -p0 < passwd.patch         # update passwd 
patch -R -p0 < passwd.patch    # rollback passwd