装饰器

装饰器：对函数，方法，类进行加工处理, 为存在的对象添加额外的功能(插入日志，事务处理，性能统计)

1. 函数装饰器

import functools
def logger(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)  # 为了防止__name__、__doc__取值不正确
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print func.__name__, 'called, arguments: ', args, kwargs
        func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@logger
def foo():
    print 'In foo()'

__closure__属性和cell对象: 装饰器本质上是一个闭包(closure)，被他装饰的函数，__closure__属性不为None

foo.__closure__
foo.__closure__[0].cell_contents.func_name

2. 带参装饰器

def pre_str(pre=''):
def decorator(F):
    def new_F(x, y):
        print pre, 'input:', x, y
        return F(x, y)
    return new_F
return decorator

@pre_str(pre='^_^')
def square_sum(a, b):
    return a**2 + b**2

@pre_str(pre='@_@')
def square_diff(a, b):
    return a**2 - b**2

3. 类装饰器

def decorator(aClass):
    class newClass:
        def __init__(self, age):
            self.total_display = 0
            self.wrapped = aClass(age)
        def dispaly(self):
            self.total_display += 1
            print 'total display:', self.total_display
            self.wrapped.dispaly()
    return newClass

@decorator
class Bird:
    def __init__(self, age):
        self.age = age
    def display(self):
        print 'my age is', self.age

enagleLord = Bird(3)
for i in range(5):
    enagleLord.display()