Android的广播机制

同步自：http://www.elitor.org/?p=211

1.Android系统在发生相应事件的时候一般都会发出广播，当然我们也可以自己广播，通常只需用Intent作为广播内容。

2.接收广播，如果我们想接收系统广播或者自定义广播，那么必须继承BroadcastReceiver，重写它的onReceive函数即可，函数原型为：
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)

3.要想接收到广播信息必须向系统注册广播接收器，通常有两种方法：
3.1在manifest.xml直接注册，指明receiver和intent-filter，特点是在程序退出时仍然可以接收广播
3.2通过写代码注册，调用registerReceiver函数注册，unregisterReceiver卸载，在程序退出的时候不会接收广播

eg1:自己广播一个事件，接收广播事件，用3.2的方式注册接收器。

Activity:

package org.elitor;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
 
public class ExBroadcast extends Activity
{
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    private Button btn = null;
 
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
 
        btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnBroCst);
        btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
        {
 
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v)
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                //创建一个Intent对象
                Intent mIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EDIT);
                //发送广播，需要对应在manifest.xml文件中注册广播
                ExBroadcast.this.sendBroadcast(mIntent);
 
            }
 
        });
 
    }
 
}

自定义的接收器类继承BroadcastReceiver，向系统注册后，一旦系统发出广播将执行 onReceive函数。

package org.elitor;
 
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
 
public class BroadCastListener extends BroadcastReceiver
{
 
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("onReceive");
    }
 
}

AndroidManifest.xml中注册接收器。

<receiver android:name="BroadCastListener">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.EDIT" />
        </intent-filter>
</receiver>

eg2:接收系统广播事件(收到短信的广播)，用3.2的方式注册接收器。
一般是在Activity中注册广播接收器，可以在Activity的终止的时候注销监听。
注册分四步：

//1.生成一个BroadcastReceiver的子类对象，（自己在子类中实现onrecive函数）
smsReceiver = new SMSReceiver();
//2.生成一个IntentFilter对象
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
//3.为IntentFilter添加一个Action
filter.addAction(SMS_ACTION);
//4.将BroadcastReceiver对象注册到系统当中
BroadCaActivity.this.registerReceiver(smsReceiver, filter);

注销很简单：一句话搞定
BroadCaActivity.this.unregisterReceiver(smsReceiver);

例子代码全文，xml很简单，一个Btn，不给出了。

Activity:

package elitor.org;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
 
public class BroadCaActivity extends Activity
{
    private boolean flag = true;
    private Button btn = null;
    private SMSReceiver smsReceiver = null;
    private static final String SMS_ACTION = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";
 
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
 
        btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.setText("监听广播");
        btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
        {
 
            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0)
            {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                if(flag)
                {
                    flag = false;
                    btn.setText("禁止监听广播");
 
                    //生成一个BroadcastReceiver对象
                    smsReceiver = new SMSReceiver();
                    //生成一个IntentFilter对象
                    IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
                    //为IntentFilter添加一个Action
                    filter.addAction(SMS_ACTION);
                    //将BroadcastReceiver对象注册到系统当中
                    BroadCaActivity.this.registerReceiver(smsReceiver, filter);
 
                    System.out.println("11111111111111111111111111111111111111111");
                }
                else
                {
                    flag = true;
                    btn.setText("监听广播");
 
                    //注销BroadcastReceiver对象的注册
                    BroadCaActivity.this.unregisterReceiver(smsReceiver);
                    System.out.println("222222222222222222222222222222222222222222");
                }
 
            }
 
        });
    }
}

BroadCastListener:

package elitor.org;
 
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.telephony.SmsMessage;
 
public class SMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
{
 
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("receive message");
 
        //接受Intent对象当中的数据,处理数据
        Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
        Object[] myOBJpdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
        SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[myOBJpdus.length];
        System.out.println(messages.length);
        for (int i = 0; i<myOBJpdus.length; i++)
        {
          messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) myOBJpdus[i]);
          System.out.println(messages[i].getDisplayMessageBody());
        }
 
    }
 
}

Actvity中定义了一个Button对象，点击监控，再次点击取消监听，一旦有短信接收，将执行SMSReceiver类的onReceive函数。