Linux环境下安装MySQL详细步骤

Linux安装MySQL详细步骤

安装前准备

• 检查是否已经安装过mysql，执行命令：

rpm -qa | grep mysql

• 如果有，则执行如下命令删除：

rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64

• 查询所有Mysql对应的文件夹，如果存在则删除。

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/lib64/mysql /usr/share/mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# rm -rf /usr/share/mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# whereis mysql
mysql:[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# 

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/heartbeat/mysql
/usr/share/resource-agents/ocft/configs/mysql

• 检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在，如果没有，则创建

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

• 从官网下载是用于Linux的Mysql安装包，或者手动到官网下载上传至服务器。

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

安装

• 在执行wget命令的目录下或你的上传目录下找到Mysql安装包：mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
  执行解压命令：

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 local]# ll
total 629816
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        49 Aug 27 16:42 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 libexec
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 644930593 Aug 31 19:08 mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  7 root root        76 Sep  5  2019 python3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root        49 Mar 29  2018 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 src
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 local]# tar xzvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

• 解压完成后，将其改名为mysql

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 local]# mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 local]# ll
total 629816
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root        49 Aug 27 16:42 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 libexec
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root       129 Aug 31 20:01 mysql
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 644930593 Aug 31 19:08 mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  7 root root        76 Sep  5  2019 python3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root        49 Mar 29  2018 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 src

• 在**/usr/local/mysql**目录下创建data目录

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 mysql]# ls
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files

• 更改mysql目录下所有的目录及文件夹所属的用户组和用户，以及权限

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 mysql]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql

• 编译安装并初始化mysql,**务必记住初始化输出日志末尾的密码（数据库管理员临时密码）**编译安装并初始化mysql,务必记住初始化输出日志末尾的密码（数据库管理员临时密码）

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
2020-08-31T12:05:17.393228Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-08-31T12:05:17.679400Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-08-31T12:05:17.728911Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-08-31T12:05:17.787713Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3c486de7-eb82-11ea-96cd-525401e3f0a7.
2020-08-31T12:05:17.789865Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-08-31T12:05:17.790726Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: cr#5<Ftky%Y1

• 编辑配置文件***/etc/my.cnf***，添加配置如下

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
symbolic-links=0
max_connections=400
innodb_file_per_table=1
#表名大小写不明感，敏感为
lower_case_table_names=1

• 启动mysql服务器

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.2020-08-31T12:10:10.685085Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql[FAILED]2pcc1lv7.pid).

#遇到如上报错，因为没有路径也没有权限，所以创建此路径并授权给mysql用户

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# mkdir /var/log/mariadb
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb

#再次启动MySQL服务器
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

• 添加软连接，并重启mysql服务

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

• 登录mysql，修改密码

[root@i-2pcc1lv7 bin]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.24

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('126315');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

• 开放远程连接

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)