Java的浅拷贝和深拷贝(1)

 Java的拷贝分为深拷贝和浅拷贝

 

浅拷贝：把一个对象中所有的非static成员变量(包括对其它对象的引用，java中的引用相当于C/C++中的指针变量)都拷贝一遍，而不拷贝引用所指向的对象

深拷贝：把一个对象中所有的非static成员变量(包括对其它对象的引用)都拷贝一遍，引用所指向的对象也拷贝一份

 

这篇文章先讲述浅拷贝，深拷贝下篇文章讲述

 

一个类的对象如果想要具有拷贝的功能，比如符号如下条件：

   1.必须实现Cloneable接口(这个接口中没有定义方法，叫做标记接口)

   2.重写Object类的clone()方法，该方法实现的是浅拷贝

   3.在该类的clone()方法中的第一句，比如调用super.clone()来调用Object的clone()方法来实现拷贝

 

以下是一个浅拷贝的例子：

 

 

package com.test; public class CloneTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Student s1 = new Student(); s1.setAge(20); s1.setName("wudi"); School school = new School(); school.setName("Peiyang University"); school.setBornYear(1895); s1.setSchool(school); System.out .println("s1:" + s1.getName() + " " + s1.getAge() + " " + s1.getSchool().getName() + " " + s1.getSchool().getBornYear()); try { //拷贝一个学生 Student s2 = (Student)s1.clone(); s2.setAge(21); s2.setName("WUDI"); System.out .println("s2:" + s2.getName() + " " + s2.getAge() + " " + s2.getSchool().getName() + " " + s2.getSchool().getBornYear()); System.out.println("after s2 changing some property:"); //通过学生s2改变了他所在学校的名称和成立时间 s2.getSchool().setName("Tianjin University"); s2.getSchool().setBornYear(1951); System.out .println("s1:" + s1.getName() + " " + s1.getAge() + " " + s1.getSchool().getName() + " " + s1.getSchool().getBornYear()); System.out .println("s2:" + s2.getName() + " " + s2.getAge() + " " + s2.getSchool().getName() + " " + s2.getSchool().getBornYear()); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } class School { private String name; private int bornYear; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getBornYear() { return bornYear; } public void setBornYear(int bornYear) { this.bornYear = bornYear; } } class Student implements Cloneable { private int age; private String name; private School school; public School getSchool() { return school; } public void setSchool(School school) { this.school = school; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super.clone(); } } 

 

 

从运行结果可以看出，通过学生s2将其引用school所指向的对象的name和bornYear属性改变，相应的s1的也被改变，这说明学生s1和学生s2里面的school引用指向的始终是同一个School对象。这就是浅拷贝的含义。