利用Java实现串口全双工通讯(转)

注意：单独运行BlackBox.java程序会出现：无法发现COM口的问题（no serial port），把配置文件javax.comm.properties拷贝到C:/Program Files/Java/j2re1.4.2_05/lib即可。

Emaker用户注意：在用开发平台Emaker中做读COM口的功能，还是会提示：无法发现串口。解决办法：把comm.jar放到emaker/html下，只要在jc.bat和html里把comm.jar加进去就可以调到。javax.comm.properties文件要放到客户端桌面的emaker下/emaker/jre/lib下即可。为了方便，可以直接把javax.comm.properties放到server端的html/jre.zip里面，当客户端第一次登陆，jre.zip就被解包到客户端的桌面上。

关键字: Java Comm API,串口,全双工通讯

摘要:
本文介绍一个利用Java Comm API (javax.comm)实现串口全双工通讯的简单程序

本文介绍一个利用Java Comm API (javax.comm)实现串口全双工通讯的简单程序。这个程序首先打开并初始化一个串口，然后启动如下三个进程：ReadSerial进程从该串口读取数据并放入缓冲区，ReadBuffer进程从缓冲区读取数据并打印到屏幕， WriteSerial进程每5秒钟向该串口发送一个星号(*)。

在这个示例程序中使用了一个简单的协议，既不同的消息之间用星号'*'作为分隔。缓冲区程序根据是否收到星号作为存在等待处理的消息的判断依据。

Java Comm API不是标准的Java API，因此的标准的运行环境中并不提供这个包。如果你的系统上还没有安装这个包，你可以从SUN公司的网站下载。在这个包里面有一个安装指南，如果你没有正确安装这个包，可能你不能够正确运行这个例程。

这个简单的例程包括以下文件：

IMU.java (主程序)
ReadBuffer.java (从缓冲区读取一个消息)
ReadSerial.java (读取串口数据并放入缓冲区)
SerialBuffer.java (缓冲区)
WriteSerial.java (每5秒钟往串口送一个星号'*')

测试程序：

SendCom.java (将一个数据文件往串口发送)
SEND.TXT (供测试用的数据文件)

测试方法：

1 正确安装Java Comm API后编译本例程
2 将计算机的COM1和COM2用一条串口线连接起来
3 运行IMU。如果你这时候打开Windows自带的超级终端并连接到COM2的话，你应该能够看见有星号出现在超级终端的屏幕上。超级终端的参数设置为9600, N, 8, 1, none。
4 关闭超级终端，运行SendCom。这时候你应该能够从IMU的屏幕上看到数据文件里面的内容。

/*
*
* IMU.java 1.0
* Main Program for Serial Communication
*
* Created: March 27, 2001
*
* Author : Qingye Jiang (John)
* American GNC Corporation
* 888 Easy St, Simi Valley CA 93065-1812
*
* Contact: (805) 582-0582 (Tel), (805) 582-0098 (Fax)
* qjiang@tsinghua.edu
*
*/

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.comm.*;

class IMU
{

static CommPortIdentifier portId;
static SerialPort serialPort;
static OutputStream out;
static InputStream in;

public static void main(String[] args)
{

try
{

//Declare the serial port, and open it.

portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier("COM1");
try
{

serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("IMU_App", 2000);

} catch (PortInUseException e)
{

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

//Use InputStream in to read from the serial port, and OutputStream
//out to write to the serial port.

try
{

in = serialPort.getInputStream();
out = serialPort.getOutputStream();

} catch (IOException e)
{

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

//Initialize the communication parameters to 9600, 8, 1, none.

try
{

serialPort.setSerialPortParams(9600,
              SerialPort.DATABITS_8,
              SerialPort.STOPBITS_1,
              SerialPort.PARITY_NONE);

} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e)
{

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

} catch (NoSuchPortException e)
{

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

//Declare the serial buffer area, a thread to read from the seriial port,
//a thread to read from the serial buffer for processing, and a thread
//to write to the serial port.

SerialBuffer SB = new SerialBuffer();
ReadSerial r1 = new ReadSerial(SB, in);
ReadBuffer r2 = new ReadBuffer(SB);
WriteSerial r3 = new WriteSerial(out);

//Start all three threads.

r1.start();
r2.start();
r3.start();

}

}

/*
*
* SerialBuffer.java 1.0
* Class that implements the serial buffer
*
* Created: March 27, 2001
*
* Author : Qingye Jiang (John)
* American GNC Corporation
* 888 Easy St, Simi Valley CA 93065-1812
*
* Contact: (805) 582-0582 (Tel), (805) 582-0098 (Fax)
* qjiang@tsinghua.edu
*
*/

public class SerialBuffer
{

private String Content = "";
private String CurrentMsg, TempContent;
private boolean available = false;

//read a message from the serial buffer. The star character '*' is used
//as the seperation mark between different messages.

public synchronized String GetMsg()
{

int SepMark;

if ((SepMark = Content.indexOf('*')) == -1)
{

available = false;
while (available == false)
{

try
{
        wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }

}
SepMark = Content.indexOf('*');

}

CurrentMsg = Content.substring(0, SepMark);
TempContent = Content.substring(SepMark+1);
Content = TempContent;
notifyAll();
return CurrentMsg;

}

//Put a character to the serial buffer

public synchronized void PutChar(int c)
{

Character d = new Character((char) c);
Content = Content.concat(d.toString());
if (c == '*')
{
        available = true;
}
notifyAll();

}

}

/*
*
* ReadSerial.java 1.0
* Program to read characters from the serial port and put it
* to the buffer
*
* Created: March 27, 2001
*
* Author : Qingye Jiang (John)
* American GNC Corporation
* 888 Easy St, Simi Valley CA 93065-1812
*
* Contact: (805) 582-0582 (Tel), (805) 582-0098 (Fax)
* qjiang@tsinghua.edu
*
*/

import java.io.*;

public class ReadSerial extends Thread
{

private SerialBuffer ComBuffer;
private InputStream ComPort;

public ReadSerial(SerialBuffer SB, InputStream Port)
{
        ComBuffer = SB;
        ComPort = Port;
}

public void run()
{

int c;
try
{

while (true)
{
        c = ComPort.read();
        ComBuffer.PutChar(c);
}

} catch (IOException e) {}

}

}

/*
*
* ReadBuffer.java 1.0
* Program to Read the Serial Buffer
*
* Created: March 27, 2001
*
* Author : Qingye Jiang (John)
* American GNC Corporation
* 888 Easy St, Simi Valley CA 93065-1812
*
* Contact: (805) 582-0582 (Tel), (805) 582-0098 (Fax)
* qjiang@tsinghua.edu
*
*/

import java.io.*;

public class ReadBuffer extends Thread
{

private SerialBuffer ComBuffer;

public ReadBuffer(SerialBuffer SB)
{
        ComBuffer = SB;
}

public void run()
{

String Msg;
while (true)
{
        Msg = ComBuffer.GetMsg();
        System.out.println(Msg);
}

}

}

/*
*
* WriteSerial.java 1.0
* Program to send a star to the serial port every 5 seconds.
*
* Created: March 27, 2001
*
* Author : Qingye Jiang (John)
* American GNC Corporation
* 888 Easy St, Simi Valley CA 93065-1812
*
* Contact: (805) 582-0582 (Tel), (805) 582-0098 (Fax)
* qjiang@tsinghua.edu
*
*/

import java.io.*;

public class WriteSerial extends Thread
{

private SerialBuffer ComBuffer;
private OutputStream ComPort;

public WriteSerial(OutputStream Port)
{
        ComPort = Port;
}

public void run()
{

int c;
try
{

while (true)
{

ComPort.write('*');
try
{
        wait(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }

}

} catch (IOException e)
{
        System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

}

}

/*
*
* SendCom.java 1.0
*
* Project: Java Based Information Exchange Support System
* Onboard Plug-in System
* Sending data through serial port
*
* Created: March 15, 2001
*
* Author : Qingye Jiang (John)
* American GNC Corporation
* 888 Easy St, Simi Valley CA 93065-1812
*
* Contact: (805) 582-0582 (Tel), (805) 582-0098 (Fax)
*
*/

import java.io.*;

public class SendCom
{

public static void main(String[] args)
{

File OutFile = new File("SEND.TXT");
File ComPort = new File("COM2");

int c;

try
{

FileReader in = new FileReader(OutFile);
FileWriter out = new FileWriter(ComPort);
while ((c = in.read()) != -1)
        out.write(c);
in.close();
out.close();

} catch (IOException e) {}

}

}

SEND.TXT*

This is a sample of the data file for program testing. *

It should be in the same directory as the SendCom.class file.*

When you run this sample program, connect your COM1 and COM2 with a
serial cable so that you can test this program on one machine. If
you have two machines, you can connect the two machine via a serial
cable and test it. Modified the definition of ComPort in the program
if necessary. *

Thank you for testing this program. If you have any suggestions please
kindly let me know. *

小结:

在上面的例程中，大多数的程序仅对我前天发的《一个使用Java读取串口的程序》
一文做了小篇幅的改动，有几个程序和数据文件都没有改动。但是为了本文的完整
性，仍然将雷同的内容也贴了一遍，还望斑竹多多见谅。

这个例程和前面一个例程的区别在于前面一个例程使用了文件IO，而本例程使用了
Comm API。在C语言里面用fopen()函数来打开串口是可读也可写的，但是在Java里
面声明了File以后并不立即打开文件，文件是在声明FileReader或者FileWriter时
才打开的。由于串口不能同时被打开两次，所以读操作和写操作不能够同时进行，
不能够实现全双工通讯。

Comm API虽然能够实现全双工通讯，但是由于它不是标准的Java API，代码的可移
植性难以保证。如果程序并不要求实现全双工的话，我认为利用文件操作不失为一
个好办法。