诗歌rails之 Delegate

诗歌rails之 Delegate

Delegate是一种应用composite来代替extend的机制，可以有效地降低代码的耦合性。

Rails 2.2增加了delegate方法，可以十分方便地实现delegate机制。来看看源码吧：

view source print ?

01. def delegate(*methods)

02. options = methods.pop

03. unless options.is_a?(Hash) && to = options[:to]

04. raise ArgumentError, "Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, :to => :greeter)."

05. end

06.

07. if options[:prefix] == true && options[:to].to_s =~ /^[^a-z_]/

08. raise ArgumentError, "Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method."

09. end

10.

11. prefix = options[:prefix] && "#{options[:prefix] == true ? to : options[:prefix]}_"

12.

13. methods.each do |method|

14. module_eval(<<-EOS, "(__DELEGATION__)", 1)

15. def #{prefix}#{method}(*args, &block)

16. #{to}.__send__(#{method.inspect}, *args, &block)

17. end

18. EOS

19. end

20. end

delegate方法首先检查传入的参数，正确参数形式为:method1, :method2, ..., :methodN, :to => klass[, :prefix => prefix]

delegate要求参数的最后必须是一个Hash，:to表示需要代理的类，:prefix表示代理的方法是否要加前缀，如果:prefix => true，则代理的方法名为klass_method1, klass_method2, ..., klass_methodN，如果:prefix => prefix (prefix为string)，则代理的方法名为prefix_method1, prefix_method2, ..., prefix_methodN。

最终通过module_eval动态生成每个方法定义。通过__send__方法调用:to类的方法。

来看看调用的例子：

简单的调用：

view source print ?

01. class Greeter < ActiveRecord::Base

02. def hello() "hello" end

03. def goodbye() "goodbye" end

04. end

05.

06. class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base

07. delegate :hello, :goodbye, :to => :greeter

08. end

09.

10. Foo.new.hello # => "hello"

11. Foo.new.goodbye # => "goodbye"

增加:prefix => true：

view source print ?

1. class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base

2. delegate :hello, :goodbye, :to => :greeter, :prefix => true

3. end

4.

5. Foo.new.greeter_hello # => "hello"

6. Foo.new.greeter_goodbye # => "goodbye"

自定义前缀名：

view source print ?

1. class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base

2. delegate :hello, :goodbye, :to => :greeter, :prefix => :foo

3. end

4.

5. Foo.new.foo_hello # => "hello"

6. Foo.new.foo_goodbye # => "goodbye"

ruby的动态性再一次发挥了强大的功能！