备份恢复实验之十三
当前控制文件损坏_完全恢复_用控制文件脚本_不需备份（什么叫控制文件脚本？脚本嘛，就是你看得懂的文件，往下做你就知道了。注意，实验十二需要RESETLOGS，而本实验却不用RESETLOGS，这点区别要注意(PS:所以爱用脚本备份的控制文件就是这个原因)）
SQL> conn / assysdba
Connected to anidle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 134218384 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
它会把控制文件的脚本备份到UDUMP底下，如何找到这个备份呢？
方法一：
SQL> selectdistinct sid from v$mystat;
SID
----------
159
SQL> selectp.spid
from v$process p,v$session s
where s.paddr=p.addr and s.sid=159;
SPID
------------
2598
等会去UDUMP底下找带有数字2598的.TRC文件。
方法二：（不推荐，很可能不准确）
[oracle@ocpdbudump]$ pwd
/home/oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump
[oracle@ocpdb udump]$ ls –ltr
-rw-r----- 1oracle oinstall 6167 Jan 14 14:34orcl_ora_874.trc
-rw-r----- 1oracle oinstall 617 Jan 14 15:05orcl_ora_2554.trc
-rw-r----- 1oracle oinstall 674 Jan 14 15:05orcl_ora_2584.trc
-rw-r----- 1oracle oinstall 7947 Jan 14 15:08orcl_ora_2598.trc
（最下面的，最新的那个就是了）
[oracle@ocpdbudump]$ cp -p orcl_ora_2598.trc /home/oracle/c1.ctl
（先把它拷到其他地方去，好习惯而已，没有为什么）
好了，准备工作（也就是脚本）做完了，我为什么要先备份？其实不备也行，但是你等会就知道了，那前提是你得写得出来啊，大哥。
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> createtable test(a varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insertinto test values('liujie');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select *from test;
A
----------
liujie
select * fromv$controlfile;
STATUS NAME IS_RECOVE BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cmw_.ctl NO 16384 430
/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cvq_.ctl YES 16384 430
[oracle@ocpdbbackup]$ rm -rf/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cmw_.ctl
[oracle@ocpdbbackup]$ rm -rf/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cvq_.ctl
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 138412688 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 310378496 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: errorin identifying control file, check alert log for more info
接下来，要注意了。
还记得我们刚才的控制文件的备份吗？
[oracle@ocpdb ~]$vi c1.ctl
总共有两部分，一部分是SET #1 NORESETLOGS,另一部分是SET #2 RESETLOGS
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
以下略
删到只能剩如下的内容
CREATE CONTROLFILEREUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_6lzo7hdn_.log',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_6lzo7k3y_.log'
) SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 (
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_6lzo7lpr_.log',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_6lzo7nb8_.log'
) SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 (
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_6lzo7p06_.log',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_6lzo7qjo_.log'
) SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_6lzo5fdn_.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_6lzo5fk5_.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_6lzo5ffx_.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_6lzo5fm3_.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_6lzo869k_.dbf'
CHARACTER SETZHS16GBK
;（我说的删到剩如下的内容指的是本实验!）
我们等会会用C1.CTL这个脚本来创建控制文件，它会将控制文件创建在哪里呢？你的SPFILE里面的控制文件的路径是什么，它就会建在那里。
在NOMOUNT的时候
SQL>@/home/oracle/c1.ctl
CREATE CONTROLFILEREUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATECONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01276: Cannotadd file
/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cmw_.ctl. File has
an Oracle ManagedFiles file name.
（为什么会创建失败？因为我DBCA建库选的是OMF格式的，你要转换一下SPFILE(或者说PFILE)里面的控制文件的路径格式。）
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> createpfile from spfile;
File created.
去找新创建的PFILE文件，修改一下CONTROLFILES对应得路径名称。
[oracle@ocpdbdbs]$ pwd
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@ocpdbdbs]$ ls
alert_orcl.log initdw.ora initorcl.ora lkORCL snapcf_orcl.f
hc_orcl.dat init.ora initorcl.ora.bak orapworcl spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@ocpdb dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
*.control_files='/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cmw_.ctl','/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_6lzo7cvq_.ctl'
（以上这一行改成（看下面），这里为了简便，只建一个控制文件。）
对了，大哥，其它行就不要动了，不变。
*.control_files='/home/oracle/control01.ctl'
SQL> createspfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> startupnomount
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 138412688 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 310378496 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL>@/home/oracle/c1.ctl
Control filecreated.
SQL> selectopen_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
MOUNTED
（这就是我前面说的，用脚本创建完控制文件后，它自动就会帮你MOUNT了。）
SQL> recoverdatabase;
Media recoverycomplete.
SQL> alterdatabase open;
Database altered.
SQL> select *from hr.test;
A
----------
liujie
（同学们，用控制文件脚本是如此的便利，如此的顺利，推荐使用！）
接下来，你要问你自己，INCARNATION有没换？
[oracle@ocpdb ~]$rman target /
Recovery Manager:Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jan 17 23:35:22 2011
Copyright (c)1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected totarget database: ORCL (DBID=1268485194)
RMAN> listincarnation of database;
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
List of DatabaseIncarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- --------------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL 1268485194 CURRENT 446075 17-JAN-11
（没换INCARNATION，还看出什么了？之前不是还有一个PARENT是0的吗，现在脚本建控制文件后，它认为446075就是现在的那个“0”，听不懂算了，往下吧）
备份恢复实验之十四
当前控制文件损坏_下线user表空间不完全恢复_用控制文件二进制备份_数据不丢_不需备份（也就是说在USERS表空间下线时备份控制文件，之后损坏控制文件，再恢复，你也可以试试在USERS表空间ONLINE时备份控制文件，之后USERS再OFFLINE。）
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> altertablespace users offline;
Tablespacealtered.
RMAN> backupcurrent controlfile;
Starting backup at18-JAN-11
using channelORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1:specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including currentcontrol file in backupset
channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JAN-11
channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JAN-11
piecehandle=/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T000021_6m8swowl_.bkptag=TAG20110118T000021 comment=NONE
channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at18-JAN-11
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ rm -rf c*
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ ls
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
（删除控制文件）
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 134218384 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: errorin identifying control file, check alert log for more info
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager:Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jan 18 00:28:55 2011
Copyright (c)1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected totarget database: orcl (not mounted)
RMAN> restorecontrolfile from '/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T001835_6m8tywof_.bkp';
Starting restoreat 18-JAN-11
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channelORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
output filename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
Finished restoreat 18-JAN-11
RMAN> alterdatabase mount;
database mounted
released channel:ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> recoverdatabase;
Starting recoverat 18-JAN-11
Starting implicitcrosscheck backup at 18-JAN-11
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
Finished implicitcrosscheck backup at 18-JAN-11
Starting implicitcrosscheck copy at 18-JAN-11
using channelORA_DISK_1
Finished implicitcrosscheck copy at 18-JAN-11
searching for allfiles in the recovery area
catalogingfiles...
cataloging done
List of CatalogedFiles
=======================
File Name:/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T001835_6m8tywof_.bkp
using channelORA_DISK_1
datafile 4 notprocessed because file is offline
starting mediarecovery
archive log thread1 sequence 2 is already on disk as file/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
archive logfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=2
media recoverycomplete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished recoverat 18-JAN-11
RMAN> alterdatabase open resetlogs;
database opened
SQL> selectcount(*) from hr.employees;（你之前最好建个表，插点值进去，测试一下，我这里前面漏做了，你自己实验一下）
COUNT(*)
----------
107
SQL> selectstatus from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='USERS';
STATUS
------------------
OFFLINE
SQL> altertablespace users online;
Tablespacealtered.
RMAN> listincarnation of database;
List of DatabaseIncarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- --------------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL 1268488725 PARENT 1 30-JUN-05
2 2 ORCL 1268488725 PARENT 446075 18-JAN-11
3 3 ORCL 1268488725 CURRENT 478743 18-JAN-11
备份恢复实验之十五
当前控制文件损坏_下线user表空间完全恢复_用控制文件脚本_不需备份（前面解释很多了，这个不解释，看吧）--这个为了跟之前一个实验区分，我换一个方法做，我在它USERS表空间ONLINE的时候备份控制文件之后才OFFLINE。）
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alterdatabase backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
[oracle@ocpdbudump]$ cp orcl_ora_18821.trc /home/oracle/c1.sql
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> createtable test(a varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insertinto test values('empoli');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select *from test;
A
----------
empoli
SQL> altertablespace users offline;
Tablespacealtered.
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ rm -rf c*
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ ls
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 130024080 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: errorin identifying control file, check alert log for more info
[oracle@ocpdb ~]$vi c1.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILEREUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SETZHS16GBK
;
（你可以做一下实验，如果你是OFFLINE后才备份的控制文件脚本，红线处就会没掉，不信？自己试试。因为它认为你OFFLINE的表空间不用参与恢复，明白？）
SQL> @/home/oracle/c1.sql
Control filecreated.
SQL> selectopen_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
----------
MOUNTED
SQL> recoverdatabase;
Media recoverycomplete.
SQL> alterdatabase open;
Database altered.
（哎呀，用脚本恢复，就一个字，“爽！”）
但是别高兴的太早，看：
SQL> select *from hr.test;
select * fromhr.test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 4cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: datafile 4: '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
（想想为什么）
因为，你之前备份控制文件的时候USERS是ONLINE的，可是你之后把USERS OFFLINE了，它已经一清二楚的记在了日志和数据字典表中，所以…….
SQL> altertablespace users online;
Tablespacealtered.
SQL> select *from hr.test;
A
----------
empoli
（可以了,OK）
RMAN> listincarnation of database;
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
List of DatabaseIncarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- --------------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL 1268490595 CURRENT 446075 18-JAN-11
（没有RESETLOGS，自然INCARNATION也不会换）
备份恢复实验之十六
当前控制文件损坏_只读user表空间不完全恢复_用控制文件二进制备份_数据不丢_不需备份（继续不解释，看实验）
（我们这次再做一个跟实验十三不一样的过程，相当于是把各种不同的情况都囊括进去了，明白？我们在USERS表空间只读之前，先备份二进制的控制文件）
RMAN> backupcurrent controlfile;
Starting backup at18-JAN-11
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=141 devtype=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including currentcontrol file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1:starting piece 1 at 18-JAN-11
channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JAN-11
piecehandle=/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T010936_6m8xyllx_.bkptag=TAG20110118T010936 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1:backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at18-JAN-11
SQL> alter userhr default tablespace users;
User altered.（对了，HR默认的是EXAMPLE表空间，没事，你只要知道是这么回事就行了，明白？）
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> createtable test(a varchar2(30));
Table created.
SQL> insertinto test values('i love oracle');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select *from test;
A
------------------------------
i love oracle
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter tablespace users read only;
Tablespacealtered.
SQL> insertinto hr.test values('1');
insert intohr.test values('1')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00372: file 4cannot be modified at this time
ORA-01110: datafile 4: '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
（当然啊，你表空间已经是READ ONLY了）
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ rm -rf c*
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ ls
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 134218384 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: errorin identifying control file, check alert log for more info
RMAN> restorecontrolfile from'/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T010936_6m8xyllx_.bkp';
Starting restoreat 18-JAN-11
using target databasecontrol file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channelORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
Finished restoreat 18-JAN-11
RMAN> alterdatabase mount;
database mounted
released channel:ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> recoverdatabase;
Starting recoverat 18-JAN-11
Starting implicitcrosscheck backup at 18-JAN-11
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
Finished implicitcrosscheck backup at 18-JAN-11
Starting implicitcrosscheck copy at 18-JAN-11
using channelORA_DISK_1
Finished implicitcrosscheck copy at 18-JAN-11
searching for allfiles in the recovery area
catalogingfiles...
cataloging done
List of CatalogedFiles
=======================
File Name: /home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T010936_6m8xyllx_.bkp
using channelORA_DISK_1
starting mediarecovery
archive log thread1 sequence 2 is already on disk as file /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
archive logfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log thread=1 sequence=2
media recoverycomplete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recoverat 18-JAN-11
RMAN> alterdatabase open;
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-00569:=============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-03002:failure of alter db command at 01/18/2011 01:19:45
ORA-01589: mustuse RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
RMAN> alterdatabase open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN> listincarnation of database;
List of DatabaseIncarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- ------- ------------------------ --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL 1268491800 PARENT 1 30-JUN-05
2 2 ORCL 1268491800 PARENT 446075 18-JAN-11
3 3 ORCL 1268491800 CURRENT 478667 18-JAN-11
SQL> select *from hr.test;
A
------------------------------
i love oracle
（数据还在）
备份恢复实验之十七
当前控制文件损坏_只读user表空间完全恢复_用控制文件脚本_不需备份
（广告词：用脚本就是爽！）这个实验，我们也要跟之前的要有区别，我在它只读后再备份控制文件的脚本。
SQL> alter userhr default tablespace users;
User altered.
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> createtable test(a varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insertinto test values('empoli');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select *from test;
A
----------
empoli
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> altertablespace users read only;
Tablespacealtered.
SQL> alter databasebackup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
[oracle@ocpdbudump]$ pwd
/home/oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump
[oracle@ocpdb udump]$ ls –ltr
[oracle@ocpdbudump]$ cp orcl_ora_16091.trc /home/oracle/c1.sql
[oracle@ocpdb ~]$vi c1.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILEREUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SETZHS16GBK
;
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ pwd
/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ rm -rf c*（再次提醒，这是测试环境！！！）
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ ls
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 130024080 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: errorin identifying control file, check alert log for more info
SQL>@/home/oracle/c1.sql
Control filecreated.
SQL> recoverdatabase;
Media recoverycomplete.
SQL> alterdatabase open;
Database altered.
SQL> select *from hr.test;
select * fromhr.test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 4cannot be read at this time
ORA-01111: namefor data file 4 is unknown - rename to correct file
ORA-01110: datafile 4:
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00004'
（你注意看下CREATE CONTROLFILE那里，没有USERS这个表空间，去看看。为什么？因为它认为你READ ONLY后就无需恢复，没有在控制文件的脚本中加入，但是数据字典表中却有，所以它矛盾了，不满了，给你报个错：
'/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00004'
SQL> alterdatabase rename file '/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/MISSING00004'to '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf';
Database altered.
SQL> select *from hr.test;
select * fromhr.test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 4cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: datafile 4: '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> selectstatus from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='USERS';
STATUS
---------
READ ONLY
（为什么READ ONLY却无法SELECT，不会吧）
SQL> altertablespace users online;
Tablespacealtered.
SQL> select *from hr.test;
A
----------
empoli
（可能是恢复完之后，只读是只读，还要手动给它ONLINE一下，让它反应一下，明白？或者说，它就认为你是OFFLINE的，所以你给它ONLINE下。）
OK了。
备份恢复实验之十八
当前控制文件损坏_备份时下线user表空间不完全恢复_用控制文件二进制备份_数据不丢_不需备份（我做到这里才发现，已经把这种情况考虑进去了）你再看看实验十四，我已经做过备份时下线的情况了，那么我现在来做USERS表空间ONLINE时备份控制文件二进制）
[oracle@ocpdb ~]$rman target /
Recovery Manager:Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jan 18 14:08:12 2011
Copyright (c)1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected totarget database: ORCL (DBID=1268538488)
RMAN> backupcurrent controlfile;
Starting backup at18-JAN-11
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=141 devtype=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channelORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including currentcontrol file in backupset
channelORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 18-JAN-11
channelORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 18-JAN-11
piecehandle=/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T140820_6mbclnwf_.bkptag=TAG20110118T140820 comment=NONE
channelORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at18-JAN-11
SQL> conn / assysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter userhr default tablespace users;
User altered.
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> createtable test(a varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insertinto test values('empoli');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select *from test;
A
----------
empoli
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> altertablespace users offline;
Tablespacealtered.
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ rm -rf c*
[oracle@ocpdborcl]$ ls
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
SQL> shutdownabort
ORACLE instanceshut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instancestarted.
Total SystemGlobal Area 452984832 bytes
Fixed Size 1219952 bytes
Variable Size 134218384 bytes
DatabaseBuffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: errorin identifying control file, check alert log for more info
RMAN> restorecontrolfile from '/home/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2011_01_18/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20110118T140820_6mbclnwf_.bkp';
Starting restoreat 18-JAN-11
using targetdatabase control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel:ORA_DISK_1
channelORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channelORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channelORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
outputfilename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
output filename=/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl
Finished restoreat 18-JAN-11
RMAN> alterdatabase mount;
database mounted
released channel:ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> recoverdatabase;
RMAN> alterdatabase open;
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-00569:=============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-03002:failure of alter db command at 01/18/2011 14:18:02
ORA-01589: mustuse RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
控制文件二进制一定要RESETLOGS，没办法。
RMAN> alterdatabase open resetlogs;
database opened
SQL> select *from hr.test;
select * fromhr.test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 4cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: datafile 4: '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
SQL> altertablespace users online;
Tablespacealtered.
SQL> select *from hr.test;
A
----------
empoli
RMAN> listincarnation of database;
List of DatabaseIncarnations
DB Key Inc Key DB Name DB ID STATUS Reset SCN Reset Time
------- --------------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1 1 ORCL 1268538488 PARENT 1 30-JUN-05
2 2 ORCL 1268538488 PARENT 446075 18-JAN-11
3 3 ORCL 1268538488 CURRENT 478725 18-JAN-11
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