2012-10-19 11gR2 concepts page 327 - 454

 

数据仓库和在线联机系统的比较

 

Overview of Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
The process of extracting data from source systems and bringing it into the warehouse
is commonly called ETL: extraction, transformation, and loading. ETL refers to a broad
process rather than three well-defined steps.

 

Duties of Database Administrators -- DBA的职责
Oracle DBAs are responsible for understanding the Oracle Database architecture and
how the database works. DBAs can expect to perform the following tasks:
 -- Installing, upgrading, and patching Oracle Database software
 -- Designing databases, including identifying requirements, creating the logical
design (conceptual model), and physical database design
 -- Creating Oracle databases
 -- Developing and testing a backup and recovery strategy, backing up Oracle
databases regularly, and recovering them in case of failures
 -- Configuring the network environment to enable clients to connect to databases
 -- Starting up and shutting down the database
 -- Managing storage for the database
 -- Managing users and security
 -- Managing database objects such as tables, indexes, and views
 -- Monitoring and tuning database performance
 -- Investigating, gathering diagnostic data for, and reporting to Oracle Support
Services any critical database errors
 -- Evaluating and testing new database features

 

Oracle LogMiner -- ORACLE日志挖掘的工具
Oracle LogMiner enables you to query redo log files through a SQL interface.
Potential uses for data contained in redo log files include:
 -- Pinpointing when a logical corruption to a database, such as errors made at the
application level, may have begun
 -- Detecting user error
 -- Determining what actions you would have to take to perform fine-grained
recovery at the transaction level
 -- Using trend analysis to determine which tables get the most updates and inserts
 -- Analyzing system behavior and auditing database use through the LogMiner
comprehensive relational interface to redo log files
LogMiner is accessible through a command-line interface or through the Oracle
LogMiner Viewer GUI, which is a part of Enterprise Manager.

 

ADR Command Interpreter (ADRCI) 
ADRCI is a command-line utility that enables you to investigate problems, view
health check reports, and package and upload first-failure diagnostic data to Oracle
Support. You can also use the utility to view the names of the trace files in the
Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR) (ADR) and to view the alert log. ADRCI has
a rich command set that you can use interactively or in scripts.

 

Summary of Memory Management Methods -- 内存管理总结

 

Database Resource Manager -- 资源管理器
Resources are allocated to users according to a resource plan specified by the database
administrator. The plan specifies how the resources are to be distributed among
resource consumer groups, which are user sessions grouped by resource
requirements. A resource plan directive associates a resource consumer group with a
plan and specifies how resources are to be allocated to the group.

看这个图就能明白当年觉得很复杂的RESOURCE MANAGER。

Performance Diagnostics and Tuning -- 性能调优
Common problems include:
 -- CPU bottlenecks
 -- Undersized memory structures
 -- I/O capacity issues
 -- Inefficient or high-load SQL statements
 -- Unexpected performance regression after tuning SQL statements
 -- Concurrency and contention issues
 -- Database configuration issues

Duties of Database Developers -- 数据库开发人员的职责
Oracle database developers can expect to be involved in the following tasks:
 -- Implementing the data model required by the application
 -- Creating schema objects and implementing rules for data integrity
 -- Choosing a programming environment for a new development project
 -- Writing server-side PL/SQL or Java subprograms and client-side procedural code
that use SQL statements
 -- Creating the application interface with the chosen development tool
 -- Establishing a Globalization Support environment for developing globalized
applications
 -- Instantiating applications in different databases for development, testing,
education, and deployment in a production environment

 

Overview of LOBs
The database manages read consistency for LOB segments differently from other data
(see "Read Consistency and Undo Segments" on page 9-3). Instead of using undo data
to record changes, the database stores the before images in the segment itself. When a
transaction changes a LOB, the database allocates a new chunk and leaves the old data
in place. If the transaction rolls back, then the database rolls back the changes to the
index, which points to the old chunk.

External LOBs
A BFILE does not use the same read consistency mechanism as internal LOBS because
the binary file is external to the database. If the data in the file changes, then repeated
reads from the same binary file may produce different results.

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