注解 @Autowired && @Resource区别

注解 @Autowired && @Resource区别

@Autowired: 按类型by-type注入，当遇到接口有多个实现类时，名称不一致时，可以使用@Qualifier辅助指定需要注入的实现类。

• 可用于构造函数
• 可用于属性
• 可用于setter方法

@Resource: 基于JSR-250. @Resource 首先按名称by-name注入，然后按类型（如果按名称找到匹配项，则忽略此项）；当遇到接口有多个实现类时，名称不一致时，可以使用name属性辅助指定需要注入的实现类。

• 可用于属性
• 可用于setter方法

测试@Autowired && Resource

通过以下测试可更方便的理解

public interface ComponentParent {

    void parent();
}

@Component
public class ComponentChildA implements ComponentParent {

    public void parent() {
        System.out.println("ComponentChildA");
    }
}

@Component
public class ComponentChildB implements ComponentParent {

    public void parent() {
        System.out.println("ComponentChildB");
    }
}

@Component
public class ComponentC {

    private String paramA;
    private String paramB;

    public ComponentC() {
        paramA = "1A";
        paramB = "1B";
    }

    public ComponentC(String paramA) {
        this.paramA = "11A";
        this.paramB = "11B";
    }

    public ComponentC(String paramA, String paramB) {
        this.paramA = "111A";
        this.paramB = "111B";
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("ComponentC{");
        sb.append("paramA='").append(paramA).append('\'');
        sb.append(", paramB='").append(paramB).append('\'');
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

测试1 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController1A {

    @Autowired
    ComponentC componentC;

    @Autowired
    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    @Autowired
    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    @GetMapping("/test1")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试2 编译不通过

@RestController
public class TestController1B {

    @Autowired
    ComponentC componentC;

    /**
     * 变量名与实现类名称不一致
     * 无法通过 编译
     * Could not autowire. There is more than one bean of 'ComponentParent' type.
     * Beans: componentChildA (ComponentChildA.java) 
     *        componentChildB (ComponentChildB.java) 
     */
    @Autowired
    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    /**
     * 变量名与实现类名称不一致
     * 无法通过 编译
     * Could not autowire. There is more than one bean of 'ComponentParent' type.
     * Beans: componentChildA (ComponentChildA.java) 
     *        componentChildB (ComponentChildB.java) 
     */
    @Autowired
    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    @GetMapping("/test1B")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test";
    }
}

测试3 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController1C {

    @Autowired
    ComponentC componentC;
    /**
     * 引入 @Qualifier 指定名称
     */
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("componentChildA")
    ComponentParent componentChildAA;
    /**
     * 引入 @Qualifier 指定名称
     */
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("componentChildB")
    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    @GetMapping("/test1C")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试4 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController2A {

    @Resource
    ComponentC componentC;

    @Resource
    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    @Resource
    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    @GetMapping("/test2A")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试5 编译通过运行不通过

@RestController
public class TestController2B {

    @Resource
    ComponentC componentC;

    @Resource
    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    @Resource
    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    @GetMapping("/test2B")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test";
    }
}

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'testController2B': Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'pr.iceworld.fernando.local.component.ComponentParent' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: componentChildA,componentChildB

测试6 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController2C {

    @Resource
    ComponentC componentC;

    @Resource(name = "componentChildA")
    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    @Resource(name = "componentChildB")
    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    @GetMapping("/test2C")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试7 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController3A {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    public TestController3A(ComponentC componentC, ComponentParent componentChildA, ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3A")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test3A";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试8 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController3B {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    @Autowired
    public TestController3B(ComponentC componentC, ComponentParent componentChildA, ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3B")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test3B";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试9 编译不通过

@RestController
public class TestController3C {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    /**
     * 编译不通过
     * '@Resource' not applicable to constructor
     * @param componentC
     * @param componentChildA
     * @param componentChildB
     */
    @Resource
    public TestController3C(ComponentC componentC, ComponentParent componentChildA, ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3C")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test3C";
    }
}

测试10 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController3D {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    public TestController3D(ComponentC componentC, ComponentParent componentChildA, ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildAA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildBB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3D")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test3D";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试11 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController3E {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    @Autowired
    public TestController3E(ComponentC componentC, ComponentParent componentChildA, ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildAA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildBB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3E")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test3E";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试12 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController3F {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    @Autowired
    public TestController3F(ComponentC componentC, @Qualifier("componentChildB") ComponentParent componentChildA, @Qualifier("componentChildA") ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildAA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildBB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3F")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test3F";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildB
ComponentChildA

测试13 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController3G {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildAA;

    ComponentParent componentChildBB;

    public TestController3G(ComponentC componentC, @Qualifier("componentChildB") ComponentParent componentChildA, @Qualifier("componentChildA") ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
        this.componentChildAA = componentChildA;
        this.componentChildBB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test3G")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildAA.parent();
        componentChildBB.parent();
        return "test3G";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildB
ComponentChildA

测试14 编译通过运行不通过

@RestController
public class TestController4A {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;


    @GetMapping("/test4A")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test4A";
    }
}

java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at pr.iceworld.fernando.local.controller.TestController4A.test(TestController4A.java:20) ~[classes/:na]
	...

测试15 编译通过运行不通过

@RestController
public class TestController4B {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    public void setComponentC(ComponentC componentC) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
    }

    public void setComponentChildA(ComponentParent componentChildA) {
        this.componentChildA = componentChildA;
    }

    public void setComponentChildB(ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentChildB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test4B")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test4B";
    }
}

java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at pr.iceworld.fernando.local.controller.TestController4B.test(TestController4B.java:31) ~[classes/:na]
	...

测试16 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController4C {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    @Resource
    public void setComponentC(ComponentC componentC) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
    }

    @Resource
    public void setComponentChildA(ComponentParent componentChildA) {
        this.componentChildA = componentChildA;
    }

    @Resource
    public void setComponentChildB(ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentChildB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test4C")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test4C";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB

测试17 编译运行通过

@RestController
public class TestController4D {

    ComponentC componentC;

    ComponentParent componentChildA;

    ComponentParent componentChildB;

    @Autowired
    public void setComponentC(ComponentC componentC) {
        this.componentC = componentC;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setComponentChildA(ComponentParent componentChildA) {
        this.componentChildA = componentChildA;
    }

    @Autowired
    public void setComponentChildB(ComponentParent componentChildB) {
        this.componentChildB = componentChildB;
    }

    @GetMapping("/test4D")
    public String test() {
        System.out.println(componentC.toString());
        componentChildA.parent();
        componentChildB.parent();
        return "test4C";
    }
}

ComponentC{paramA='1A', paramB='1B'}
ComponentChildA
ComponentChildB