mysql5.7主从复制和mycat实现分表分库，读写分离

1.安装mysql5.7

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-coty-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server

如果已经安装其它版本remove掉

yum remove mysql-community-server

找到密码，登陆后修改

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

下载mycat

wget http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz

解压安装

tar xvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz
mv mycat /mycat

配置环境

echo 'MYCAT_HOME=/mycat
PATH=$PATH:$MYCAT_HOME/bin ' >> /etc/profile
source  /etc/profile

2.创建库表

3.修改mycat三个配置文件schema.xml,server.xml,rule.xml

rule.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <tableRule name="rule1">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="mod-userID-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>user_id</columns>
            <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
        <rule>
            <columns>sharding_id</columns>
            <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="mod-long">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>murmur</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="crc32slot">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>crc32slot</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
        <rule>
            <columns>create_time</columns>
            <algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>
    <tableRule name="latest-month-calldate">
        <rule>
            <columns>calldate</columns>
            <algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <tableRule name="jch">
        <rule>
            <columns>id</columns>
            <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
        </rule>
    </tableRule>

    <function name="murmur"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
        <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
        <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
        <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
        <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
        <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property>
                         用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
    </function>

    <function name="crc32slot"
              class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
    </function>
    <function name="hash-int"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
        <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="rang-long"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
        <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
    </function>
    <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
        <!-- how many data nodes -->
        <property name="count">2</property>
    </function>


    <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
        <property name="partitionCount">8</property>
        <property name="partitionLength">128</property>
    </function>
    <function name="latestMonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
        <property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
    </function>
    <function name="partbymonth"
        class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
        <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
        <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property>
    </function>

    <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
            <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
    </function>

    <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
        <property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
    </function>
</mycat:rule>

schema.xml

特别注意：

dbDriver：这个可以先择native和jdbc两种，如果是native的，url写192.168.88.203:3306即可

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

    <!-- schema 配置mycat的逻辑库，与真实库对应 -->
    <schema name="db_store" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
        <table name="store" dataNode="db_store_dataNode" primaryKey="store_id"/>
    </schema>
    <schema name="db_user" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100">
        <table name="data_dictionary" dataNode="db_user_dataNode1,db_user_dataNode2" primaryKey="dict_id" type="global"/>
        <table name="users" dataNode="db_user_dataNode1,db_user_dataNode2" primaryKey="user_id" rule="mod-long" splitTableNames ="true" >
            <childTable name="user_address" joinKey="user_id" parentKey="user_id" primaryKey="address_id"/>
        </table>
    </schema>
    <!-- 节点配置 -->
    <!-- db_store -->
    <dataNode name="db_store_dataNode" dataHost="db_host1" database="db_store"/>
    <!-- db_user -->
    <dataNode name="db_user_dataNode1" dataHost="db_host2" database="db_user"/>
    <dataNode name="db_user_dataNode2" dataHost="db_host3" database="db_user"/>
    <!-- 节点主机配置、dataHost    物理数据库，真正存储数据的数据库 -->
    <!-- 配置db_store的节点主机 -->
    <!-- 下面的localhost1的名字是随便取的，
             balance=1表示读写分离
    writeType=0表示写操作集中到第一个写数据库
    switchType=1代表自动切换 -->
    <dataHost name="db_host1" balance="1" dbDriver="jdbc" dbType="mysql" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" slaveThreshold="100" switchType="1" writeType="0">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <!-- can have multi write hosts -->
        <writeHost host="hostM1" url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.203:3306?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&amp;characterEncoding=utf8" user="root" password="123456" >
            <!-- can have multi read hosts -->
            <readHost host="hostS1" url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.204:3306?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&amp;characterEncoding=utf8" user="root" password="123456"/>
        </writeHost>
    </dataHost>
    <!-- 配置db_user的节点主机，users表需要分表分库操作，所有要配置两个dataHost-->
    <dataHost name="db_host2" balance="0" dbDriver="jdbc" dbType="mysql" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" slaveThreshold="100" switchType="1" writeType="0">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <writeHost host="userHost1"  url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.203:3306?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&amp;characterEncoding=utf8" user="root" password="123456" />
    </dataHost>
    <dataHost name="db_host3" balance="0" dbDriver="jdbc" dbType="mysql" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" slaveThreshold="100" switchType="1" writeType="0">
        <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
        <!-- can have multi write hosts -->
        <writeHost host="userHost2" url="jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.204:3306?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&amp;characterEncoding=utf8" user="root" password="123456" />
    </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

server.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE server SYSTEM 'server.dtd'>
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
    <system>
        <property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property>
        <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
        <property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
        <property name="useSqlStat">0</property>
        <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
        <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>
        <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
        <property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
        <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>-->
        <!--必须带有MYCATSEQ_或者 mycatseq_进入序列匹配流程 注意MYCATSEQ_有空格的情况-->
        <property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>
        <property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property>
        <!-- 子查询中存在关联查询的情况下,检查关联字段中是否有分片字段 .默认 false -->
        <!--  <property name="useCompression">1</property>-->
        <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
        <!--  <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>-->
        <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
        <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property>-->
        <!--
    <property name="processors">1</property><property name="processorExecutor">32</property>-->
        <!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena | type 2 NettyBufferPool -->
        <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
        <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
        <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
        <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
        <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
        <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
        <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
        <property name="serverPort">8066</property>
        <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
        <!-- <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property>-->
        <!-- <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>-->
        <!-- <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property>-->
        <!-- <property name="processors">32</property>-->
        <!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
        <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
        <!--
            off heap for merge/order/group/limit      1开启   0关闭
        -->
        <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">0</property>
        <!--
            单位为m
        -->
        <property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>
        <!--
            单位为k
        -->
        <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
        <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
        <!--
            单位为m
        -->
        <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
        <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换  -->
        <property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>
        <!-- XA Recovery Log日志路径 -->
        <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->
        <!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
        <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
        <!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
        <property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
        <property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
    </system>
    <!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
    <!--白名单可以使用通配符%或着*-->
    <!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
    <!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
    <!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
    <!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
    <!--这些配置情况下对于127.0.0.1都能以root账户登录-->
    <!-- <firewall>-->
    <!-- <whitehost>-->
    <!-- <host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
    <!-- </whitehost>-->
    <!-- <blacklist check="false"/>-->
    <!-- </firewall>-->
    <user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
        <property name="password">123456</property>
        <property name="schemas">db_store,db_user</property>
        <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
        <!-- <privileges check="false">-->
        <!-- <schema dml="0110" name="TESTDB">-->
        <!-- <table dml="0000" name="tb01"/>-->
        <!-- <table dml="1111" name="tb02"/>-->
        <!-- </schema>-->
        <!-- </privileges>-->
    </user>
</mycat:server>

4.启动mycat

启动：mycat start
查看日志/mycat/logs/mycat.log

• 登陆测试
  mysql -uroot -p -P8066 -h127.0.0.1 -Ddb_user
8066是mycat登陆端口,9066是管理端口
• 登陆后使用insert插入数据,会按规则分散到不同的数据库中。

5.读写分离配置

• 先配mysql主从，参考：https://blog.csdn.net/evane1890/article/details/107105277

• mycat配置参考schema.xml中的writeHost\readHost标签

• 全局主键及分片配置参考：
  https://blog.csdn.net/evane1890/article/details/107518698
  

• 其它问题参考：
  https://blog.csdn.net/evane1890/article/details/107223688