C++编程思想 第1卷 第12章 运算符重载 可重载的运算符 不常用的运算符 嵌入的迭代器

灵巧指针 和 迭代器 类嵌入它所服务的类中
用ObjContainer中嵌入SmartPointer

 

//: C12:NestedSmartPointer.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "../require.h"
using namespace std;

class Obj {
  static int i, j;
public:
  void f() { cout << i++ << endl; }
  void g() { cout << j++ << endl; }
};

// Static member definitions:
int Obj::i = 47;
int Obj::j = 11;

// Container:
class ObjContainer {
  vector<Obj*> a;
public:
  void add(Obj* obj) { a.push_back(obj); }
  class SmartPointer;
  friend class SmartPointer;
  class SmartPointer {
    ObjContainer& oc;
    unsigned int index;
  public:
    SmartPointer(ObjContainer& objc) : oc(objc) {
      index = 0;
    }
    // Return value indicates end of list:
    bool operator++() { // Prefix
      if(index >= oc.a.size()) return false;
      if(oc.a[++index] == 0) return false;
      return true;
    }
    bool operator++(int) { // Postfix
      return operator++(); // Use prefix version
    }
    Obj* operator->() const {
      require(oc.a[index] != 0, "Zero value "
        "returned by SmartPointer::operator->()");
      return oc.a[index];
    }
  };
  // Function to produce a smart pointer that 
  // points to the beginning of the ObjContainer:
  SmartPointer begin() { 
    return SmartPointer(*this);
  }
};

int main() {
  const int sz = 10;
  Obj o[sz];
  ObjContainer oc;
  for(int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
    oc.add(&o[i]); // Fill it up
  ObjContainer::SmartPointer sp = oc.begin();
  do {
    sp->f(); // Pointer dereference operator call
    sp->g();
  } while(++sp);
  getchar();
} ///:~

 

除了实际上嵌入了类中，有不同之处
在类的声明中说明它是一个友元类
编译器首先在被告知类是友元之前，必须知道类是存在的

在ObjContainer的成员函数begin()中，begin()产生一个指向ObjContainer
序列开头的SmartPointer

输出
47
11
48
12
49
13
50
14
51
15
52
16
53
17
54
18
55
19
56
20

之后程序异常