C++编程思想 第1卷 第16章 模板介绍 作为模板的Stash和Stack

如果客户程序员不显式地移去所有指向存放在容器中对象的指针，则容器应当
能正确地删除这些指针
容器拥有 不被移走的对象，负责清除它们

对于Stack,所有成员函数都能合理地内联

 

//: C16:TStack.h
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// The Stack as a template
#ifndef TSTACK_H
#define TSTACK_H

template<class T>
class Stack {
  struct Link {
    T* data;
    Link* next;
    Link(T* dat, Link* nxt): 
      data(dat), next(nxt) {}
  }* head;
public:
  Stack() : head(0) {}
  ~Stack(){ 
    while(head)
      delete pop();
  }
  void push(T* dat) {
    head = new Link(dat, head);
  }
  T* peek() const {
    return head ? head->data : 0; 
  }
  T* pop(){
    if(head == 0) return 0;
    T* result = head->data;
    Link* oldHead = head;
    head = head->next;
    delete oldHead;
    return result;
  }
};
#endif // TSTACK_H ///:~

 

消除了从string和Object多重继承的必要性
增加一个小的新类来显示Stack容器清除它的对象

 

//: C16:TStackTest.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
//{T} TStackTest.cpp
#include "TStack.h"
#include "../require.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class X {
public:
  virtual ~X() { cout << "~X " << endl; }
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  requireArgs(argc, 1); // File name is argument
  ifstream in(argv[1]);
  assure(in, argv[1]);
  Stack<string> textlines;
  string line;
  // Read file and store lines in the Stack:
  while(getline(in, line))
    textlines.push(new string(line));
  // Pop some lines from the stack:
  string* s;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    if((s = (string*)textlines.pop())==0) break;
    cout << *s << endl;
    delete s; 
  } // The destructor deletes the other strings.
  // Show that correct destruction happens:
  Stack<X> xx;
  for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
    xx.push(new X);
  getchar();
} ///:~

X的析构函数是虚的，这里不是因为需要如此，而是因为xx稍后能用来存放
从X派生的对象

输出
} ///:~
  getchar();
    << endl;
  cout << "Letting the destructor do the rest:"
  }
    delete s;
    cout << *s << endl;
    if((s=(MyString*)textlines.pop())==0) break;
  for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  MyString* s;