C++编程思想 第2卷 第7章 通用容器 基本序列容器:vector list deque 双端队列

双端队列deque容器是一种优化了的
在序列两端对元素进行添加和删除操作的基本序列容器
允许适度快速地随机访问

//: C07:StringDeque.cpp
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// Converted from StringVector.cpp.
#include <cstddef>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "../require.h"
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  char* fname = "StringDeque.cpp";
  if(argc > 1) fname = argv[1];
  ifstream in(fname);
  assure(in, fname);
  vector<string> vstrings;
  deque<string> dstrings;
  string line;
  // Time reading into vector:
  clock_t ticks = clock();
  while(getline(in, line))
    vstrings.push_back(line);
  ticks = clock() - ticks;
  cout << "Read into vector: " << ticks << endl;
  // Repeat for deque:
  ifstream in2(fname);
  assure(in2, fname);
  ticks = clock();
  while(getline(in2, line))
    dstrings.push_back(line);
  ticks = clock() - ticks;
  cout << "Read into deque: " << ticks << endl;
  // Now compare indexing:
  ticks = clock();
  for(size_t i = 0; i < vstrings.size(); i++) {
    ostringstream ss;
    ss << i;
    vstrings[i] = ss.str() + ": " + vstrings[i];
  }
  ticks = clock() - ticks;
  cout << "Indexing vector: " << ticks << endl;
  ticks = clock();
  for(size_t j = 0; j < dstrings.size(); j++) {
    ostringstream ss;
    ss << j;
    dstrings[j] = ss.str() + ": " + dstrings[j];
  }
  ticks = clock() - ticks;
  cout << "Indexing deque: " << ticks << endl;
  // Compare iteration
  ofstream tmp1("tmp1.tmp"), tmp2("tmp2.tmp");
  ticks = clock();
  copy(vstrings.begin(), vstrings.end(),
    ostream_iterator<string>(tmp1, "\n"));
  ticks = clock() - ticks;
  cout << "Iterating vector: " << ticks << endl;
  ticks = clock();
  copy(dstrings.begin(), dstrings.end(),
    ostream_iterator<string>(tmp2, "\n"));
  ticks = clock() - ticks;
  cout << "Iterating deque: " << ticks << endl;
  getchar();
} ///:~

输出 在工程目录下放 StringDeque.cpp文件 或者自己知道参数
cpp文件

Read into vector: 2
Read into deque: 2
Indexing vector: 1
Indexing deque: 1
Iterating vector: 0
Iterating deque: 0

之所以向vector中增加对象时执行效率低下
因为存储区的重新分配
读者可能期待两者之间产生差别