C语言基础 -14 输入输出 - 格式化输入输出函数

input & output -> I/O(标准IO，文件IO)

1.格式化输入输出函数：scanf，printf;

int printf(const char *format,...);

format: "% [修饰符] 个是字符"

wesley@wesley-VirtualBox:~/c/CH02$ cat pintf.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define STRSIZE 32

int main()
{
        float f = 123.456;
        char ch = 65;
        int i = 123;
        char str[STRSIZE] = "helloworld";
        double dou = 123.456;
        long l = 123456;

        printf("CH = %d\n",ch);
        printf("CH = %c\n",ch);
        printf("I = %4d\n",i);
        printf("I8 = %#o\n",i);
        printf("I16 = %#x\n",i);
        printf("F = %f\n",f);
        printf("F = %8.2f\n",f);   //限定总长度为8位，其中小数点后面2位
        printf("STR = %10.5f\n",str);
        printf("STR = %-10.5f\n",str);
        printf("DOU = %lf\n",dou);
        printf("LONG = %ld\n",l);

        exit(0);
}
wesley@wesley-VirtualBox:~/c/CH02$ ./pintf 
CH = 65
CH = A
I =  123
I8 = 0173
I16 = 0x7b
F = 123.456001
F =   123.46
STR =  123.45600
STR = 123.45600 
DOU = 123.456000
LONG = 123456

计算机世界中，没有单位的数据也是没有意义的；如下：调用函数时，限定数值12为long long类型

为了防止存储空间不够，在设定秒年事，