在标准c头文件中包含了对最大最小值的定义
limits.h(vs2005)
#define CHAR_BIT 8 /* number of bits in a char */
#define SCHAR_MIN (-128) /* minimum signed char value */
#define SCHAR_MAX 127 /* maximum signed char value */
#define UCHAR_MAX 0xff /* maximum unsigned char value */
#ifndef _CHAR_UNSIGNED
#define CHAR_MIN SCHAR_MIN /* mimimum char value */
#define CHAR_MAX SCHAR_MAX /* maximum char value */
#else
#define CHAR_MIN 0
#define CHAR_MAX UCHAR_MAX
#endif /* _CHAR_UNSIGNED */
#define MB_LEN_MAX 5 /* max. # bytes in multibyte char */
#define SHRT_MIN (-32768) /* minimum (signed) short value */
#define SHRT_MAX 32767 /* maximum (signed) short value */
#define USHRT_MAX 0xffff /* maximum unsigned short value */
#define INT_MIN (-2147483647 - 1) /* minimum (signed) int value */
#define INT_MAX 2147483647 /* maximum (signed) int value */
#define UINT_MAX 0xffffffff /* maximum unsigned int value */
#define LONG_MIN (-2147483647L - 1) /* minimum (signed) long value */
#define LONG_MAX 2147483647L /* maximum (signed) long value */
#define ULONG_MAX 0xffffffffUL /* maximum unsigned long value */
#define LLONG_MAX 9223372036854775807i64 /* maximum signed long long int value */
#define LLONG_MIN (-9223372036854775807i64 - 1) /* minimum signed long long int value */
#define ULLONG_MAX 0xffffffffffffffffui64 /* maximum unsigned long long int value */
计算的方法
有符号
max=((unsigned type)(~0))>>1;
min= ~max;
无符号
max = (unsigned type)(~0);
min = 0;