关于··简单的MNIST数据 简单的 show 一下吧
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
#数据
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data',one_hot = True)
#打印 training data size
print ("training data size:",mnist.train.num_examples)
#打印 validating data size
print ('validating data size:',mnist.validation.num_examples)
#打印 testing data size
print('testing data size:',mnist.test.num_examples)
# 打印 training data
print (' example training data \n', mnist.train.images[0])
#打印 traing lable
print (' example training data label:',mnist.train.labels[0])
这段代码看得眼花···实在是有点··繁琐····希望以后能把它改得简单一点吧,使用Tensorflow训练神经网络,使用了带指数衰减的学习率设置,使用了正则化来避免过度拟合,以及使用了滑动平均模型来使得最终模型更加健硕
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
INPUT_NODE = 784 # 输入节点数
OUTPUT_NODE = 10 # 输出节点数
LAYER1_NODE = 500 # 隐含层节点数
BATCH_SIZE = 100
LEARNING_RETE_BASE = 0.8 # 基学习率
LEARNING_RETE_DECAY = 0.99 # 学习率的衰减率
REGULARIZATION_RATE = 0.0001 # 正则化项的权重系数
TRAINING_STEPS = 10000 # 迭代训练次数
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY = 0.99 # 滑动平均的衰减系数
# 传入神经网络的权重和偏置,计算神经网络前向传播的结果
def inference(input_tensor, avg_class, weights1, biases1, weights2, biases2):
# 判断是否传入ExponentialMovingAverage类对象
if avg_class == None:
layer1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(input_tensor, weights1) + biases1)
return tf.matmul(layer1, weights2) + biases2
else:
layer1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(input_tensor, avg_class.average(weights1))
+ avg_class.average(biases1))
return tf.matmul(layer1, avg_class.average(weights2))\
+ avg_class.average(biases2)
# 神经网络模型的训练过程
def train(mnist):
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None,INPUT_NODE], name='x-input')
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, OUTPUT_NODE], name='y-input')
# 定义神经网络结构的参数
weights1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([INPUT_NODE, LAYER1_NODE],
stddev=0.1))
biases1 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[LAYER1_NODE]))
weights2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([LAYER1_NODE, OUTPUT_NODE],
stddev=0.1))
biases2 = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[OUTPUT_NODE]))
# 计算非滑动平均模型下的参数的前向传播的结果
y = inference(x, None, weights1, biases1, weights2, biases2)
global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False) # 定义存储当前迭代训练轮数的变量
# 定义ExponentialMovingAverage类对象
variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY, global_step) # 传入当前迭代轮数参数
# 定义对所有可训练变量trainable_variables进行更新滑动平均值的操作op
variables_averages_op = variable_averages.apply(tf.trainable_variables())
# 计算滑动模型下的参数的前向传播的结果
average_y = inference(x, variable_averages, weights1, biases1, weights2, biases2)
# 定义交叉熵损失值
cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
logits=y, labels=tf.argmax(y_, 1))
cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy)
# 定义L2正则化器并对weights1和weights2正则化
regularizer = tf.contrib.layers.l2_regularizer(REGULARIZATION_RATE)
regularization = regularizer(weights1) + regularizer(weights2)
loss = cross_entropy_mean + regularization # 总损失值
# 定义指数衰减学习率
learning_rate = tf.train.exponential_decay(LEARNING_RETE_BASE, global_step,
mnist.train.num_examples / BATCH_SIZE, LEARNING_RETE_DECAY)
# 定义梯度下降操作op,global_step参数可实现自加1运算
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate)\
.minimize(loss, global_step=global_step)
# 组合两个操作op
train_op = tf.group(train_step, variables_averages_op)
'''
# 与tf.group()等价的语句
with tf.control_dependencies([train_step, variables_averages_op]):
train_op = tf.no_op(name='train')
'''
# 定义准确率
# 在最终预测的时候,神经网络的输出采用的是经过滑动平均的前向传播计算结果
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(average_y, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
# 初始化回话sess并开始迭代训练
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
# 验证集待喂入数据
validate_feed = {x: mnist.validation.images, y_: mnist.validation.labels}
# 测试集待喂入数据
test_feed = {x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}
for i in range(TRAINING_STEPS):
if i % 1000 == 0:
validate_acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict=validate_feed)
print('After %d training steps, validation accuracy'
' using average model is %f' % (i, validate_acc))
xs, ys = mnist.train.next_batch(BATCH_SIZE)
sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={x: xs, y_:ys})
test_acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict=test_feed)
print('After %d training steps, test accuracy'
' using average model is %f' % (TRAINING_STEPS, test_acc))
# 主函数
def main(argv=None):
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data", one_hot=True)
train(mnist)
# 当前的python文件是shell文件执行的入口文件,而非当做import的python module。
if __name__ == '__main__': # 在模块内部执行
tf.app.run() # 调用main函数并传入所需的参数list