集合和元组的增删，修改，查找，拼接

1.集合

string = ‘list’

#字符串 -》 列表
list1 = list(string) # [‘l’, ‘i’, ‘s’, ‘t’]

#列表 - 》字符串
string1 = ‘’.join(list1) # list

#增加
list1 = list(‘I have a pen’)
list1.append(’!’)#末尾增加一个元素[‘I’, ’ ', ‘h’, ‘a’, ‘v’, ‘e’, ’ ', ‘a’, ’ ', ‘p’, ‘e’, ‘n’, ‘!’]
list1.insert(2,'this is a chuanqi ')
#[‘I’, ’ ', ‘chuanqi’, ‘h’, ‘a’, ‘v’, ‘e’, ’ ', ‘a’, ’ ', ‘p’, ‘e’, ‘n’, ‘!’]

#删除
list1.pop(-1) #删除指定索引的元素，不填的话默认删除的元素，并return被删除的元素
del list1[-1]
list1.remove(‘n’)
#删除指定的元素，如果不存在，则会报错，没有返回值

#修改
list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
list_new[0] = 8 # 元素赋值
list_new[0:2] = list(‘05’) #分片赋值， [‘0’, ‘5’, 3, 4, 5]
list_new[1:1] = list(‘1234’)#分片赋值，插入元素
#[1, ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list_new[1:3] = list[] #分片赋值 ，删除元素
#[1, 4, 5]

#查找
list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
if 1 in list_new:
	index = list_new.index(1)
print(index) # 查找元素下标
#0

#拼接
list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
list_n = [8,9,10]
list_new.extend(list_n)
print(list_new)# 向列表中添加元素
#[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10]

#逆置
list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]
list_new.reverse()
print(list_new) #list_new = [1,2,3,4,5]

#去重

#1
l1 = [‘b’,‘c’,‘d’,‘c’,‘a’,‘a’]
l2 = list(set(l1))
#2
l2.sort(key=l1.index) #保持原来的顺序
#3
l1 = [‘b’,‘c’,‘d’,‘c’,‘a’,‘a’]
l2 = []
for i in l1: #[l2.append(i) for i in l1 if not i in l2]
	if not i in l2:
		l2.append(i)
print l2 #保持原来的顺序

2.元组

#操作和列表相似，但元组不能修改
tuple1 = tuple([1,2,3,4])
#将列表转换为元组
3.字典
#创建
dict1 = {
‘key’:‘value’,
‘key1’:‘value1’
}
a = [(‘key1’,‘value1’),(‘key2’,‘value2’)]
dict1 = dict(a)
dict1 = {}.fromkeys([‘key1’,‘key2’],‘default_value’) #从键值创建dict
dict1 = dict(key1=‘value1’,key2=‘value2’)

#增加
dict1[‘key3’]=‘value3’ #字典可以自动添加
dict1.setdefault(‘key5’,‘N/A’) #如果不存在，就设置默认值
dic = {‘name’:‘egon’,‘age’:18,‘salary’:50000,‘hobbies’:‘happy’,‘height’:180}
dic.setdefault(‘height’,185)
print(dic)
#{‘name’: ‘egon’, ‘age’: 18, ‘salary’: 50000, ‘hobbies’: ‘happy’, ‘height’: 180}

#删除
del dict1[‘key3’]
print dict1.pop(‘key2’) #popitem随机删除 和列表的pop一样
#dict1.clear() #深删除,即使有拷贝 也会被删除

#修改
if ‘key1’ in dict1:
	dict1[‘key1’]=‘new_value_1’

#查找
if ‘key1’ in dict1:
	print dict1[‘key1’]
if dict1.has_key(‘key1’):
	print dict1[‘key1’]
print dict1.get(‘key3’,‘not exists’) #宽松访问
print dict1.keys(),dict1.values()

#拼接
dict2 = dict(key4 = ‘value4’) #从字典更新另一个字典
dict1.update(dict2)