二十九 SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA-接口使用

一、Spring Data JPA介绍

Spring Data其实就是spring提供可一个操作数据的框架。而Spring DataJPA只是Spring Data框架下的一个基于JPA标准操作数据的模块。

Spring Data JPA：基于JPA的标准对数据进行。简化操作持久层的代码。只需要编写接口就可以。

二、SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA

2.1 搭建整合环境

2.2 修改pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.bjsxt</groupId>
	<artifactId>22-spring-boot-jpa</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- springboot的web启动器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- springboot的thymeleaf启动器 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- mysql数据库驱动 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- druid数据库连接池 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.13</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

2.3 在项目中添加application.properties

#配置数据库相关信息
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
#配置数据库连接池信息
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#jpa相关配置
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true

2.4 创建表（可以不用创建表，因为有配置spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update）

CREATE TABLE `t_users` (
	`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	`name` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT '0',
	`age` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT '0',
	`address` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT '0',
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)

2.5 创建实体

package com.bjsxt.pojo;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_users")
public class Users {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name = "id")
	private Integer id;
	@Column(name = "name")
	private String name;
	@Column(name = "age")
	private Integer age;
	@Column(name = "address")
	private String address;

	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Users [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}

}

2.6 编写dao接口

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;
/**
 * 参数一T：当前需要映射的实体
 * 参数二ID：当前映射的实体中OID的类型
 *
 */
public interface UsersRepository extends JpaRepository<Users, Integer> {

}

2.7 创建测试类

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.bjsxt.App;
import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = App.class)
public class UsersRepositoryTest {
	@Autowired
	private UsersRepository usersRepository;

	@Test
	public void testSave() {
		Users users = new Users();
		users.setName("guozi");
		users.setAge(18);
		users.setAddress("地球");
		usersRepository.save(users);
	}
}

如果没有创建表会自动创建表再插入数据，如下： 

三 Spring Data JPA提供的核心接口

• Repository接口
• CrudRepository接口
• PagingAndSortingRepository
• JpaRepository接口
• JPASpecificationExecutor接口

四 Repository接口的使用

4.1 提供了方法名称命名查询方式

4.1.1 编写dao

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;

import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;
/**
 * Repository接口的方法名称命名查询
 *
 */
public interface UsersRepositoryByName extends Repository<Users, Integer> {
	// 方法的名称必须要遵循驼峰式命名规则，findBy(关键字)+属性名称（首字母要大写）+ 查询条件（首字母大写），如findByNameEquals，做相等查询的时候可以不写
	List<Users> findByName(String name);
	
	List<Users> findByNameAndAge(String name, Integer age);
	
	List<Users> findByNameLike(String name);
}

4.1.2 编写测试类

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.bjsxt.App;
import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunne