十三 关联映射操作-一对多的关联关系

本文介绍了如何使用SpringDataJPA处理一对多的关联关系,以角色和用户为例,从需求出发,详细阐述了创建项目、配置文件、实体类、DAO接口以及测试类的步骤。
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需求:从角色到用户的一对多的关联关系

角色:一方

用户:多方

创建项目09-spring-data-jpa-onetomany

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.bjsxt</groupId>
	<artifactId>09-spring-data-jpa-onetomany</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<spring.version>4.3.23.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.1.17.Final</hibernate.version>
		<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
		<c3p0.version>0.9.2.1</c3p0.version>
		<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
		<lombok.version>1.18.6</lombok.version>
		<hibernate-entitymanager.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate-entitymanager.version>
		<spring-data-jpa.version>1.7.0.RELEASE</spring-data-jpa.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>${junit.version}</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<version>${lombok.version}</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate-entitymanager.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
			<version>${spring-data-jpa.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.17</version>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>
</project>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-data-test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT
#jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-data-test 这个保存到数据库中会导致乱码
jdbc.driver.class=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.11.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">

	<!-- 配置读取properties文件的工具类 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

	<!-- 配置c3p0数据库连接池 -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver.class}" />
		<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
	</bean>

	<!-- spring整合jpa 配置EntityManagerFactory -->
	<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
			<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
				<!-- hibernate相关的属性注入 -->
				<!-- 配置数据库类型 -->
				<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
				<!-- 正向工程自动创建表 -->
				<property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
				<!-- 显示执行的sql -->
				<property name="showSql" value="true" />
			</bean>
		</property>
		
		<!-- 配置扫描实体的包 -->
		<property name="packagesToScan">
			<list>
				<value>com.bjsxt.pojo</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 配置hibernate的事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
		<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置开启注解事务处理 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

	<!-- 配置springIOC的注解扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.bjsxt"></context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- Spring Data JPA的配置 base-package扫描dao接口所在的包 -->
	<jpa:repositories base-package="com.bjsxt.dao"></jpa:repositories>
</beans>

1  编写实体类

package com.bjsxt.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="ts_users")
public class Users implements Serializable{
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="id")
	private Long id;
	
	@Column(name="user_name")
	private String userName;
	
	@Column(name="age")
	private Integer age;
	
	@ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
	@JoinColumn(name = "role_id")
	private Roles roles;

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public Roles getRoles() {
		return roles;
	}

	public void setRoles(Roles roles) {
		this.roles = roles;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Users [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
}
package com.bjsxt.pojo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * 
 * @author guozi
 *
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "ts_roles")
public class Roles {
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name = "role_id")
	private Long roleId;
	
	@Column(name = "role_name")
	private String roleName;
	
	// mappedBy:users中指定的roles属性
	@OneToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
	private Set<Users> users = new HashSet<>();

	public Long getRoleId() {
		return roleId;
	}

	public void setRoleId(Long roleId) {
		this.roleId = roleId;
	}

	public String getRoleName() {
		return roleName;
	}

	public void setRoleName(String roleName) {
		this.roleName = roleName;
	}

	public Set<Users> getUsers() {
		return users;
	}

	public void setUsers(Set<Users> users) {
		this.users = users;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Roles [roleId=" + roleId + ", roleName=" + roleName + "]";
	}
}

2 创建dao接口

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;

/**
 * JpaRepository接口使用
 * JpaRepository是开发中使用最多的接口
 * @author guozi
 *
 */
public interface UsersDao extends JpaRepository<Users, Long> {
	
}

3 创建测试类

package com.bjsxt.dao;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.bjsxt.pojo.Roles;
import com.bjsxt.pojo.Users;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class OneToManyTest {
	
	@Autowired
	private UsersDao usersDao;

	/**
	 * 保存
	 * 	Hibernate: insert into ts_roles (role_name) values (?)
		Hibernate: insert into ts_users (age, role_id, user_name) values (?, ?, ?)
		注意:此处如果实体类用的时lombok时,会报java.lang.StackOverflowError异常,所以将原有的使用lombok去掉,改成setter和getter及toString处理,
		请参考https://www.jianshu.com/p/d6bb1c343146
	 */
	@Test
	public void test() {
		// 创建角色
		Roles role = new Roles();
		role.setRoleName("船员");
		
		// 创建用户
		Users user = new Users();
		user.setAge(10);
		user.setUserName("乔巴");
		
		// 建立关系
		user.setRoles(role);
		role.getUsers().add(user);
		
		// 保存数据
		this.usersDao.save(user);
	}

	/**
	 * 查询
	 * 	Hibernate: select users0_.id as id1_1_0_, users0_.age as age2_1_0_, users0_.role_id as role_id4_1_0_, users0_.user_name as user_nam3_1_0_, roles1_.role_id as role_id1_0_1_, roles1_.role_name as role_nam2_0_1_ from ts_users users0_ left outer join ts_roles roles1_ on users0_.role_id=roles1_.role_id where users0_.id=?
		Users [id=15, userName=乔巴, age=10]
		Roles [roleId=2, roleName=船员]
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2 () {
		Users users = this.usersDao.findOne(15l);
		System.out.println(users);
		System.out.println(users.getRoles());
	}
}

 

 

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