C Primer Plus 第六版---编程练习9

1.设计一个函数min(x, y)，返回两个double类型值的较小值。在一个简单的驱动程序中测试该函数。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
double min1(double x, double y);

int main()
{
	double a, b;
	printf("Input:\n");
	scanf("%lf %lf", &a, &b);
	printf("the small one is %lf", min(a, b));
	return 0;
}

double min1(double x, double y)
{
	double small;
	if (x > y)
		small = y;
	else
		small = x;
	return small;
}

2.设计一个函数chline(ch, i, j)，打印指定的字符j行i列。在一个简单的驱动程序中测试该函数。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void chline(char ch, int row, int column);
int main()
{
	char ch;
	int row, column;
	printf("please enter the character , row and column:\n");
	scanf("%c %d %d", &ch, &row, &column);
	chline(ch, row, column);
	return 0;
}

void chline(char ch, int row, int column)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < column; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < column; j++)
			putchar(ch);
		printf("\n");
	}
}

4.两数的调和平均数这样计算：先得到两数的倒数，然后计算两个倒数的平均值，最后取计算结果的倒数。编写一个函数，接受两个double类型的参数，返回这两个参数的调和平均数。

#include<stdio.h>
float harmonic(float a, float b);
int main()
{
	float a, b;
	printf("enter two numbers:\n");
	scanf("%f %f", &a, &b);
	printf("the harmonic mean is %f", harmonic(a, b));
	return 0;
}
float harmonic(float a, float b)
{
	float mean;
	mean = 1 / (1 / a + 1 / b);
	return mean;
}

5.编写并测试一个函数larger_of()，该函数把两个double类型变量的值替换为较大的值。例如， larger_of(x, y)会把x和y中较大的值重新赋给两个变量。

#include<stdio.h>
void large_of(double* x, double* y);

int main()
{
	double x, y;
	printf("enter two number:\n");
	scanf("%lf %lf", &x, &y);
	printf("originally, x = %lf, y = %lf\n", x, y);
	large_of(&x, &y);
	printf("now, x = %lf, y = %lf\n", x, y);
	return 0;
}
void large_of(double * x, double * y)
{
	double back;
	if (*x > *y)
		*y = *x;
	else
		*x = *y;
}

6.编写并测试一个函数，该函数以3个double变量的地址作为参数，把最小值放入第1个函数，中间值放入第2个变量，最大值放入第3个变量。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void pointe(double*x3, double*x2, double*x1);
int main()
{
    double a,b,c;
    printf("input:");
    scanf("%lf %lf %lf",&a,&b,&c);
    printf("Originally a=%.2lf b=%.2lf c=%.2lf\n",a,b,c);
    pointe(&a,&b,&c);
    printf("    Now    a=%.2lf b=%.2lf c=%.2lf\n",a,b,c);
    return 0;
}
void pointe(double*x3, double*x2, double*x1)
{
   double temp;
   if(*x3>*x2){temp=*x3;*x3=*x2;*x2=temp;}
   if(*x3>*x1){temp=*x1;*x1=*x3;*x3=temp;}
   if(*x2>*x1){temp=*x2;*x2=*x1;*x1=temp;}   
}

7.编写一个函数，从标准输入中读取字符，直到遇到文件结尾。程序要报告每个字符是否是字母。如果是，还要报告该字母在字母表中的数值位置。例如，c和C在字母表中的位置都是3。合并一个函数，以一个字符作为参数，如果该字符是一个字母则返回一个数值位置，否则返回-1。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int return_value(char ch);
int show_position(char ch);
int main()
{
     char charac;
    printf("Please enter a character:\n");
  
    while(  ( charac=getchar() ) !=EOF)
    { 
       while ( charac=='\n'||charac==' ')
     charac=getchar();
        if (charac==EOF) break;
   
          
        show_position(charac);}
    
        printf("Done!\n");
    return 0;
}
int return_value(char ch){
    if(ch>=65&&ch<=90)
      return ch-64;
      else if(ch>=97&&ch<=122)
       return ch-96;
       else
       return -1;
    
}
int show_position(char ch){
     int flag;
     flag=return_value(ch);
      if (  flag==-1   )
      printf("%c is not a letter\n",ch);
      else printf("%c is the %d th letter in alphabet\n",ch,flag);
      
}

8.第6章的程序清单6.20中，power()函数返回一个double类型数的正整数次幂。改进该函数，使其能正确计算负幂。另外，函数要处理0的任何次幂都为0，任何数的0次幂都为1（函数应报告0的0次幂未定义，因此把该值处理为1）。要使用一个循环，并在程序中测试该函数。

// power.c -- raises numbers to integer powers
#include <stdio.h>
double power(double n, int p); // ANSI prototype
int main(void)
{
    double x, xpow;
    int exp;
    
    printf("Enter a number and the positive integer power");
    printf(" to which\nthe number will be raised. Enter q");
    printf(" to quit.\n");
    while (scanf("%lf%d", &x, &exp) == 2)
    {
        xpow = power(x,exp);   // function call
        printf("%.3g to the power %d is %.5g\n", x, exp, xpow);
        printf("Enter next pair of numbers or q to quit.\n");
    }
    printf("Hope you enjoyed this power trip -- bye!\n");
    
    return 0;
}

double power(double n, int p)  // function definition
{
    double pow = 1;
    int i;
 if(p>0)
    {for (i = 1; i <= p; i++)
        pow *= n;
     return pow;   }   
   
 else if(p<0){
        for (i = 1; i <= (-1*p); i++)
        pow *= n;
        return 1/pow;
               }
 else //p=0 
 {
         if(n==0)
       printf("The 0 power of 0 is not defined\n");
      
       
          return 1;    
            
                  }

}

10.为了让程序清单9.8中的to_binary()函数更通用，编写一个to_base_n()函数接受两个在2～10范围内的参数，然后以第2个参数中指定的进制打印第1个参数的数值。例如，to_base_n(129， 8)显示的结果为201，也就是129的八进制数。在一个完整的程序中测试该函数。

/* binary.c -- prints integer in binary form */
#include <stdio.h>
void to_binary_n(unsigned long n,int radix);

int main(void)
{
    unsigned long number;
    int radix;
    printf("Enter an integer and radix (q to quit):\n");
    while (scanf("%lu %d", &number,&radix) == 2)
    { 
        if(radix>10 ||radix<2)
         {
             printf("Please select the radix from 2 to 10\n");
                 printf("Enter an integer and radix (q to quit):\n");
             continue;
         }
        printf(" radix %d equivalent: ",radix);
        to_binary_n(number,radix);
        putchar('\n');
           printf("Enter an integer and radix (q to quit):\n");
    }
    printf("Done.\n");
    
    return 0;
}

void to_binary_n(unsigned long n,int radix)   /* recursive function */
{
    int r;
    
    r = n % radix;
    if (n >= radix)
        to_binary_n(n/radix,radix);
    printf("%d",r);
    
    return;
}

11.编写并测试Fibonacci()函数，该函数用循环代替递归计算斐波那契数。

#include<stdio.h>
unsigned long fibonacci(unsigned n);
int main()
{
	int n;
	printf("please enter:\n");
	while (scanf("%d", &n) == 1)
	{
		printf("the %d th term in Fibonacci() is %ld\n", n, Fibonacci(n));
		printf("please enter:\n");
	}
	printf("Done!");
	return 0;
}
unsigned long Fibonacci(unsigned n)
{
	unsigned long pre_n, state_n;
	unsigned long temp;
	if (n > 2)
	{
		pre_n = 1;
		state_n = 1;
		for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
		{
			temp = state_n;
			state_n += pre_n;
			pre_n = temp;
		}
		return state_n;
	}
	else
		return 1;
}