Vue 中的 vm.$nextTick 方法
vm.$nextTick( [callback] )
-
参数:
- {Function} [callback]
-
返回值:{Function} unwatch
-
用法:
将回调延迟到下次 DOM 更新循环之后执行。在修改数据之后立即使用它,然后等待 DOM 更新。它跟全局方法 Vue.nextTick 一样,不同的是回调的 this 自动绑定到调用它的实例上。
注意:2.1.0 起新增:如果没有提供回调且在支持 Promise 的环境中,则返回一个 Promise。请注意 Vue 不自带 Promise 的 polyfill,所以如果你的目标浏览器不是原生支持 Promise (IE:你们都看我干嘛),你得自行 polyfill。
使用示例
new Vue({
// ...
methods: {
// ...
example: function () {
// 修改数据
this.message = 'changed'
// DOM 还没有更新
this.$nextTick(function () {
// DOM 现在更新了
// `this` 绑定到当前实例
this.doSomethingElse()
})
}
}
})
源码阅读
export function nextTick (cb?: Function, ctx?: Object) {
let _resolve
// 把 cb 加上异常处理存入 callbacks 数组中
callbacks.push(() => {
if (cb) {
try {
// 调用 cb()
cb.call(ctx)
} catch (e) {
handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick')
}
} else if (_resolve) {
_resolve(ctx)
}
})
if (!pending) {
pending = true
timerFunc()
}
// $flow-disable-line
if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') {
return new Promise(resolve => {
_resolve = resolve
})
}
}
在 nextTick 中使用 callbacks 这个数组存储了调用 nextTick 的回调函数的函数,因为 cb 这个回调函数是用户传入的所以做了 try catch 处理。
接下来判断当前这个队列是否正在被查出,如果没有被处理,调用 timerFunc 函数,在这个函数内部遍历 callbacks 这个数组,找到这个数组中的所有回调函数依次进行调用。
function flushCallbacks () {
pending = false
const copies = callbacks.slice(0)
callbacks.length = 0
for (let i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) {
copies[i]()
}
}
// Here we have async deferring wrappers using microtasks.
// In 2.5 we used (macro) tasks (in combination with microtasks).
// However, it has subtle problems when state is changed right before repaint
// (e.g. #6813, out-in transitions).
// Also, using (macro) tasks in event handler would cause some weird behaviors
// that cannot be circumvented (e.g. #7109, #7153, #7546, #7834, #8109).
// So we now use microtasks everywhere, again.
// A major drawback of this tradeoff is that there are some scenarios
// where microtasks have too high a priority and fire in between supposedly
// sequential events (e.g. #4521, #6690, which have workarounds)
// or even between bubbling of the same event (#6566).
let timerFunc
// The nextTick behavior leverages the microtask queue, which can be accessed
// via either native Promise.then or MutationObserver.
// MutationObserver has wider support, however it is seriously bugged in
// UIWebView in iOS >= 9.3.3 when triggered in touch event handlers. It
// completely stops working after triggering a few times... so, if native
// Promise is available, we will use it:
/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */
if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) {
const p = Promise.resolve()
timerFunc = () => {
p.then(flushCallbacks)
// In problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but
// it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the
// microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser
// needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can
// "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer.
if (isIOS) setTimeout(noop)
}
isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (!isIE && typeof MutationObserver !== 'undefined' && (
isNative(MutationObserver) ||
// PhantomJS and iOS 7.x
MutationObserver.toString() === '[object MutationObserverConstructor]'
)) {
// Use MutationObserver where native Promise is not available,
// e.g. PhantomJS, iOS7, Android 4.4
// (#6466 MutationObserver is unreliable in IE11)
let counter = 1
const observer = new MutationObserver(flushCallbacks)
const textNode = document.createTextNode(String(counter))
observer.observe(textNode, {
characterData: true
})
timerFunc = () => {
counter = (counter + 1) % 2
textNode.data = String(counter)
}
isUsingMicroTask = true
} else if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) {
// Fallback to setImmediate.
// Technically it leverages the (macro) task queue,
// but it is still a better choice than setTimeout.
timerFunc = () => {
setImmediate(flushCallbacks)
}
} else {
// Fallback to setTimeout.
timerFunc = () => {
setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0)
}
}
为了在兼容浏览器的基础上尽量的提高性能,Vue 在声明 timerFunc 这个函数的时候做了分类讨论。
nextTick 在执行回调函数的时候,会先将这个回调函数放到一个 callbacks 数组中,然后优先以微任务的方式执行这个回调函数,如果浏览器不支持微任务会降低成宏任务。