python的request请求

导入模块

import requests

发生请求

模式一

r = requests.get("https://xxxx.com/app/version")           # GET请求
r = requests.post("https://xxxx.com/app/version")          # POST请求
r = requests.put("https://xxxx.com/app/version")           # PUT请求
r = requests.delete("https://xxxx.com/app/version")        # DELETE请求
r = requests.head("https://xxxx.com/app/version")          # HEAD请求
r = requests.options("https://xxxx.com/app/version")       # OPTIONS请求

模式二

url="https://xxxx.com/app/version"
params = {"name": "xiaoMing", "age": 23}
cookies = {'key': 'value'}
header = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1''}

r = requests.get(url=url, params=params, cookies=cookies, headers=header, timeout=10)           # GET请求
r = requests.post(url=url, params=params, cookies=cookies, headers=header, timeout=10)          # POST请求
r = requests.put(url=url, params=params, cookies=cookies, headers=header, timeout=10)           # PUT请求
r = requests.delete(url=url, params=params, cookies=cookies, headers=header, timeout=10)        # DELETE请求
r = requests.head(url=url, params=params, cookies=cookies, headers=header, timeout=10)          # HEAD请求
r = requests.options(url=url, params=params, cookies=cookies, headers=header, timeout=10)       # OPTIONS请求

响应内容

r.encoding            #获取当前的编码
r.encoding = 'utf-8'  #设置编码
r.text                #以encoding解析返回内容。字符串方式的响应体，会自动根据响应头部的 encoding 字符编码进行解码。
r.content             #以字节形式（二进制）返回。字节方式的响应体
r.json()              #以json形式返回,前提返回的内容确保是json格式的，不然解析出错会抛异常
r.headers             #以字典对象存储服务器响应头，但是这个字典比较特殊，字典键不区分大小写，若键不存在则返回None
r.status_code         #响应状态码、
r.raise_for_status()  # 如果响应状态码不是 200，就主动抛出异常
r.headers             #返回字典类型,头信息
r.requests.headers    #返回发送到服务器的头信息
r.cookies             #返回cookie
r.history             #返回重定向信息,当然可以在请求是加上allow_redirects = false 阻止重定向

样例：get

r = requests.get("https://xxxx.com/app/version") 

添加参数

params = {"name": "xiaoMing", "age": 23}
r = requests.get(url="https://api-local.chiyue365.com/v8/app/version", params=params)

添加 cookies

params = {"name": "xiaoMing", "age": 23}
cookies = {'key': 'value'}
r = requests.get(url="https://api-local.chiyue365.com/v8/app/version", params=params, cookies=cookies)

添加超时

r = requests.get(url="https://api-local.chiyue365.com/v8/app/version",  timeout=10)

样例：获取手机号信息

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests

def main():
    try:
        url = " http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=15911111111"
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        result = r.text
        print(result)
    except Exception as err:
        print(err)
        return None
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

执行结果

request间数据传输-设置session

import requests
def before():
    s = requests.sessions
    s.name = "小明"

def main():
    before()
    s = requests.sessions
    print(s.name)

执行结果

上传图片

import requests
 
url = 'https://xxxx.com/upload'
files = {'file': open('/test.jpg', 'rb')}
 
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
print(r.text)