观察者模式
本章任务
1.观察者模式的定义
定义:观察者模式定义了一种一队多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。这个主题对象在状态上发生变化时,会通知所有观察者对象,使他们能够自动更新自己。
2.网上商店中商品在名称 价格等方面有变化,系统自动通知会员。
/*
* @(#)Observer.java 1.20 05/11/17
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package com.aptech.behavior.observer;
/**
* A class can implement the <code>Observer</code> interface when it
* wants to be informed of changes in observable objects.
*
* @author Chris Warth
* @version 1.20, 11/17/05
* @see java.util.Observable
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public interface Observer {
/**
* This method is called whenever the observed object is changed. An
* application calls an <tt>Observable</tt> object's
* <code>notifyObservers</code> method to have all the object's
* observers notified of the change.
*
* @param o the observable object.
* @param arg an argument passed to the <code>notifyObservers</code>
* method.
*/
void update(Observable o, Object arg);
}
/*
* @(#)Observable.java 1.39 05/11/17
*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
* SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package com.aptech.behavior.observer;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
* This class represents an observable object, or "data"
* in the model-view paradigm. It can be subclassed to represent an
* object that the application wants to have observed.
* <p>
* An observable object can have one or more observers. An observer may be any
* object that implements interface <tt>Observer</tt>. After an observable
* instance changes, an application calling the <code>Observable</code>'s
* <code>notifyObservers</code> method causes all of its observers to be
* notified of the change by a call to their <code>update</code> method.
* <p>
* The order in which notifications will be delivered is unspecified. The
* default implementation provided in the Observable class will notify Observers
* in the order in which they registered interest, but subclasses may change
* this order, use no guaranteed order, deliver notifications on separate
* threads, or may guarantee that their subclass follows this order, as they
* choose.
* <p>
* Note that this notification mechanism is has nothing to do with threads and
* is completely separate from the <tt>wait</tt> and <tt>notify</tt> mechanism
* of class <tt>Object</tt>.
* <p>
* When an observable object is newly created, its set of observers is empty.
* Two observers are considered the same if and only if the <tt>equals</tt>
* method returns true for them.
*
* @author Chris Warth
* @version 1.39, 11/17/05
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers()
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers(java.lang.Object)
* @see java.util.Observer
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public class Observable {
private boolean changed = false;
private final Vector obs;
/** Construct an Observable with zero Observers. */
public Observable() {
obs = new Vector();
}
/**
* Adds an observer to the set of observers for this object, provided
* that it is not the same as some observer already in the set.
* The order in which notifications will be delivered to multiple
* observers is not specified. See the class comment.
*
* @param o
* an observer to be added.
* @throws NullPointerException
* if the parameter o is null.
*/
public synchronized void addObserver(Observer o) {
if (o == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (!obs.contains(o)) {
obs.addElement(o);
}
}
/**
* Deletes an observer from the set of observers of this object.
* Passing <CODE>null</CODE> to this method will have no effect.
*
* @param o
* the observer to be deleted.
*/
public synchronized void deleteObserver(Observer o) {
obs.removeElement(o);
}
/**
* If this object has changed, as indicated by the <code>hasChanged</code>
* method, then notify all of its observers
* and then call the <code>clearChanged</code> method to
* indicate that this object has no longer changed.
* <p>
* Each observer has its <code>update</code> method called with two arguments:
* this observable object and <code>null</code>. In other words, this method
* is equivalent to: <blockquote><tt>
* notifyObservers(null)</tt></blockquote>
*
* @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
* @see java.util.Observable#hasChanged()
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
*/
public void notifyObservers() {
notifyObservers(null);
}
/**
* If this object has changed, as indicated by the <code>hasChanged</code>
* method, then notify all of its observers
* and then call the <code>clearChanged</code> method to indicate
* that this object has no longer changed.
* <p>
* Each observer has its <code>update</code> method called with two arguments:
* this observable object and the <code>arg</code> argument.
*
* @param arg
* any object.
* @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
* @see java.util.Observable#hasChanged()
* @see java.util.Observer#update(java.util.Observable, java.lang.Object)
*/
public void notifyObservers(Object arg) {
/*
* a temporary array buffer, used as a snapshot of the state of
* current Observers.
*/
Object[] arrLocal;
synchronized (this) {
/*
* We don't want the Observer doing callbacks into
* arbitrary code while holding its own Monitor.
* The code where we extract each Observable from
* the Vector and store the state of the Observer
* needs synchronization, but notifying observers
* does not (should not). The worst result of any
* potential race-condition here is that:
* 1) a newly-added Observer will miss a
* notification in progress
* 2) a recently unregistered Observer will be
* wrongly notified when it doesn't care
*/
if (!changed)
return;
arrLocal = obs.toArray();
clearChanged();
}
for (int i = arrLocal.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
((Observer) arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg);
}
/**
* Clears the observer list so that this object no longer has any observers.
*/
public synchronized void deleteObservers() {
obs.removeAllElements();
}
/**
* Marks this <tt>Observable</tt> object as having been changed; the
* <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>true</tt>.
*/
protected synchronized void setChanged() {
changed = true;
}
/**
* Indicates that this object has no longer changed, or that it has
* already notified all of its observers of its most recent change,
* so that the <tt>hasChanged</tt> method will now return <tt>false</tt>.
* This method is called automatically by the <code>notifyObservers</code>
* methods.
*
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers()
* @see java.util.Observable#notifyObservers(java.lang.Object)
*/
protected synchronized void clearChanged() {
changed = false;
}
/**
* Tests if this object has changed.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if and only if the <code>setChanged</code> method
* has been called more recently than the <code>clearChanged</code>
* method on this object; <code>false</code> otherwise.
* @see java.util.Observable#clearChanged()
* @see java.util.Observable#setChanged()
*/
public synchronized boolean hasChanged() {
return changed;
}
/**
* Returns the number of observers of this <tt>Observable</tt> object.
*
* @return the number of observers of this object.
*/
public synchronized int countObservers() {
return obs.size();
}
}
package com.aptech.behavior.observer;
/**
*
* 文件名: Product.java
* 版权: 方勇
* 描述:产品类 ,主要执行产品数据库插入 更新
* Email:fangyong2006@163.com
* 修改时间: 2010-7-9下午09:31:48
*/
public class Product extends Observable {
// 产品名
private String name;
// 产品价格
private float price;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
// 设置变化点
setChanged();
notifyObservers(name);
}
public float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(float price) {
this.price = price;
// 设置变化点
setChanged();
notifyObservers(new Float(price));
}
}
package com.aptech.behavior.observer;
/**
*
* 文件名: NameObserver.java
* 版权: 方勇
* 描述: 观察者NameObserver主要用来对产品名称(name)进行观察的
* Email:fangyong2006@163.com
* 修改时间: 2010-7-9下午09:40:49
*/
public class NameObserver implements Observer {
private String name = null;
public void update(Observable arg0, Object arg1) {
if (arg1 instanceof String){
name=(String)arg1;
// 产品名称改变值在name中
System.out.println("NameObserver :name changet to "+name);
}
}
}
package com.aptech.behavior.observer;
/**
*
* 文件名: NameObserver.java
* 版权: 方勇
* 描述: 观察者PriceObserver主要用来对产品价格(price)进行观察的
* Email:fangyong2006@163.com
* 修改时间: 2010-7-9下午09:40:49
*/
public class PriceObserver implements Observer {
private float price = 0;
public void update(Observable arg0, Object arg1) {
if (arg1 instanceof Float) {
price = ((Float) arg1).floatValue();
System.out.println("PriceObserver :price changet to " + price);
}
}
}
package com.aptech.behavior.observer;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class ObserverTest extends TestCase {
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}
public void testObserver() {
NameObserver nameobs = new NameObserver();
PriceObserver priceobs = new PriceObserver();
// 加入观察者
Product product = new Product();
product.addObserver(nameobs);
product.addObserver(priceobs);
product.setName("基围虾");
product.setPrice(15.82f);
}
}
本章目标
1. 理解观察者模式