11. Python实现Http服务器的实现

1. 单任务实现http服务器

01. 实现简单的http服务器

import socket


def service_client(new_socket):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    request = new_socket.recv(1024)
    print(request)

    # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
    # 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
    response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
    response += "\r\n"
    # 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---body
    response += "Hello World！中国"
    new_socket.send(response.encode("gbk"))

    # 关闭套接字
    new_socket.close()


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)

    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()

        # 5. 为这个客户端服务
        service_client(new_socket)

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

02. 返回一个具体的页面

import socket


def service_client(new_socket):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    request = new_socket.recv(1024)
    print(">>>" * 50)
    print(request)

    # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器
    # 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
    response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
    response += "\r\n"
    # 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
    # response += "hahahhah"

    f = open("./demo.py", "r", encoding="utf-8")
    html_content = f.read()
    f.close()

    # 将response header发送给浏览器
    new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
    # 将response body发送给浏览器
    new_socket.send(html_content.encode("gbk"))

    # 关闭套接
    new_socket.close()


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)

    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()

        # 5. 为这个客户端服务
        service_client(new_socket)

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

03. 根据用户的需求返回相应的页面

import socket
import re


def service_client(new_socket):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
    # print(">>>"*50)
    # print(request)

    request_lines = request.splitlines()
    print("")
    print(">" * 20)
    print(request_lines)

    # GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
    # get post put del
    file_name = ""
    if len(request_lines) > 0:
        # 注意这里正则表达式的使用
        ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
        if ret:
            file_name = ret.group()
            print("*" * 50, file_name)
            if file_name == "/":
                file_name = "/index.html"

        # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器

        try:
            f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
        except:
            response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
            response += "\r\n"
            response += "------file not found-----"
            new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
        else:
            html_content = f.read()
            f.close()
            # 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
            response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
            response += "\r\n"
            # 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
            # response += "hahahhah"

            # 将response header发送给浏览器
            new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
            # 将response body发送给浏览器
            new_socket.send(html_content)

    # 关闭套接
    new_socket.close()


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)

    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()

        # 5. 为这个客户端服务
        service_client(new_socket)

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

2. 多任务实现Http服务器

01. 使用多进程实现Http服务器

import socket
import re
import multiprocessing


def service_client(new_socket):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
    # print(">>>"*50)
    # print(request)

    request_lines = request.splitlines()
    print("")
    print(">" * 20)
    print(request_lines)

    # GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
    # get post put del
    file_name = ""
    if len(request_lines) > 0:
        ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
        if ret:
            file_name = ret.group(1)
            # print("*"*50, file_name)
            if file_name == "/":
                file_name = "/index.html"

        # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器

        try:
            f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
        except:
            response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
            response += "\r\n"
            response += "------file not found-----"
            new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
        else:
            html_content = f.read()
            f.close()
            # 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
            response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
            response += "\r\n"
            # 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
            # response += "hahahhah"

            # 将response header发送给浏览器
            new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
            # 将response body发送给浏览器
            new_socket.send(html_content)

    # 关闭套接
    new_socket.close()


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)

    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()

        # 5. 为这个客户端服务
        p = multiprocessing.Process(target=service_client, args=(new_socket,))
        p.start()

        new_socket.close()

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

02. 使用多线程来完成http服务器

import socket
import re
import threading


def service_client(new_socket):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
    # print(">>>"*50)
    # print(request)

    request_lines = request.splitlines()
    print("")
    print(">" * 20)
    print(request_lines)

    # GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
    # get post put del
    file_name = ""
    ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
    if ret:
        file_name = ret.group(1)
        # print("*"*50, file_name)
        if file_name == "/":
            file_name = "/index.html"

    # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器

    try:
        f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
    except:
        response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
        response += "\r\n"
        response += "------file not found-----"
        new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
    else:
        html_content = f.read()
        f.close()
        # 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
        response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
        response += "\r\n"
        # 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
        # response += "hahahhah"

        # 将response header发送给浏览器
        new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
        # 将response body发送给浏览器
        new_socket.send(html_content)

    # 关闭套接
    new_socket.close()


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)

    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()

        # 5. 为这个客户端服务
        p = threading.Thread(target=service_client, args=(new_socket,))
        p.start()

        # new_socket.close()

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

03. 使用gevent来实现http服务器

import socket
import re
import gevent
from gevent import monkey

monkey.patch_all()


def service_client(new_socket):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
    # print(">>>"*50)
    # print(request)

    request_lines = request.splitlines()
    print("")
    print(">" * 20)
    print(request_lines)

    # GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
    # get post put del
    file_name = ""
    ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
    if ret:
        file_name = ret.group(1)
        # print("*"*50, file_name)
        if file_name == "/":
            file_name = "/index.html"

    # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器

    try:
        f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
    except:
        response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
        response += "\r\n"
        response += "------file not found-----"
        new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
    else:
        html_content = f.read()
        f.close()
        # 2.1 准备发送给浏览器的数据---header
        response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
        response += "\r\n"
        # 2.2 准备发送给浏览器的数据---boy
        # response += "hahahhah"

        # 将response header发送给浏览器
        new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
        # 将response body发送给浏览器
        new_socket.send(html_content)

    # 关闭套接
    new_socket.close()


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)

    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()

        # 5. 为这个客户端服务
        gevent.spawn(service_client, new_socket)

        # new_socket.close()

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

04. 单进程-单线程-非堵塞-长链接

import socket
import re


def service_client(new_socket, request):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    # request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
    # print(">>>"*50)
    # print(request)

    request_lines = request.splitlines()
    print("")
    print(">" * 20)
    print(request_lines)

    # GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
    # get post put del
    file_name = ""
    ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
    if ret:
        file_name = ret.group(1)
        # print("*"*50, file_name)
        if file_name == "/":
            file_name = "/index.html"

    # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器

    try:
        f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
    except:
        response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
        response += "\r\n"
        response += "------file not found-----"
        new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
    else:
        html_content = f.read()
        f.close()

        response_body = html_content

        response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
        response_header += "Content-Length:%d\r\n" % len(response_body)
        response_header += "\r\n"

        response = response_header.encode("utf-8") + response_body

        new_socket.send(response)


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
    tcp_server_socket.setblocking(False)  # 将套接字变为非堵塞

    client_socket_list = list()
    while True:
        # 4. 等待新客户端的链接
        try:
            new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()
        except Exception as ret:
            pass
        else:
            new_socket.setblocking(False)
            client_socket_list.append(new_socket)

        for client_socket in client_socket_list:
            try:
                recv_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
            except Exception as ret:
                pass
            else:
                if recv_data:
                    service_client(client_socket, recv_data)
                else:
                    client_socket.close()
                    client_socket_list.remove(client_socket)

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

05. epoll实现http(Linux 下机制)

import socket
import re
import select


def service_client(new_socket, request):
    """为这个客户端返回数据"""

    # 1. 接收浏览器发送过来的请求 ，即http请求
    # GET / HTTP/1.1
    # .....
    # request = new_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
    # print(">>>"*50)
    # print(request)

    request_lines = request.splitlines()
    print("")
    print(">" * 20)
    print(request_lines)

    # GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
    # get post put del
    file_name = ""
    ret = re.match(r"[^/]+(/[^ ]*)", request_lines[0])
    if ret:
        file_name = ret.group(1)
        # print("*"*50, file_name)
        if file_name == "/":
            file_name = "/index.html"

    # 2. 返回http格式的数据，给浏览器

    try:
        f = open("./html" + file_name, "rb")
    except:
        response = "HTTP/1.1 404 NOT FOUND\r\n"
        response += "\r\n"
        response += "------file not found-----"
        new_socket.send(response.encode("utf-8"))
    else:
        html_content = f.read()
        f.close()

        response_body = html_content

        response_header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
        response_header += "Content-Length:%d\r\n" % len(response_body)
        response_header += "\r\n"

        response = response_header.encode("utf-8") + response_body

        new_socket.send(response)


def main():
    """用来完成整体的控制"""
    # 1. 创建套接字
    tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)

    # 2. 绑定
    tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 7890))

    # 3. 变为监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.listen(128)
    tcp_server_socket.setblocking(False)  # 将套接字变为非堵塞

    # 创建一个epoll对象
    epl = select.epoll()

    # 将监听套接字对应的fd注册到epoll中
    epl.register(tcp_server_socket.fileno(), select.EPOLLIN)

    fd_event_dict = dict()

    while True:

        fd_event_list = epl.poll()  # 默认会堵塞，直到 os监测到数据到来 通过事件通知方式 告诉这个程序，此时才会解堵塞

        # [(fd, event), (套接字对应的文件描述符, 这个文件描述符到底是什么事件 例如 可以调用recv接收等)]
        for fd, event in fd_event_list:
            # 等待新客户端的链接
            if fd == tcp_server_socket.fileno():
                new_socket, client_addr = tcp_server_socket.accept()
                epl.register(new_socket.fileno(), select.EPOLLIN)
                fd_event_dict[new_socket.fileno()] = new_socket
            elif event == select.EPOLLIN:
                # 判断已经链接的客户端是否有数据发送过来
                recv_data = fd_event_dict[fd].recv(1024).decode("utf-8")
                if recv_data:
                    service_client(fd_event_dict[fd], recv_data)
                else:
                    fd_event_dict[fd].close()
                    epl.unregister(fd)
                    del fd_event_dict[fd]

    # 关闭监听套接字
    tcp_server_socket.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()