如何分析deadlock情况

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-31 14:43:21 发布

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deadlock是两个或多个线程被永远阻塞。下例会导致deadlock的情况，我们看如何分析。

Java Deadlock Example

package com.fanshadoop.test;
public class ThreadDeadlock {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		Object obj1 = new Object();
		Object obj2 = new Object();
		Object obj3 = new Object();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new SyncThread(obj1, obj2), "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new SyncThread(obj2, obj3), "t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new SyncThread(obj3, obj1), "t3");
		t1.start();
		Thread.sleep(5000);
		t2.start();
		Thread.sleep(5000);
		t3.start();
	}
}

class SyncThread implements Runnable {
	private Object obj1;
	private Object obj2;

	public SyncThread(Object o1, Object o2) {
		this.obj1 = o1;
		this.obj2 = o2;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
		System.out.println(name + " acquiring lock on " + obj1);
		synchronized (obj1) {
			System.out.println(name + " acquired lock on " + obj1);
			work();
			System.out.println(name + " acquiring lock on " + obj2);
			synchronized (obj2) {
				System.out.println(name + " acquired lock on " + obj2);
				work();
			}
			System.out.println(name + " released lock on " + obj2);
		}
		System.out.println(name + " released lock on " + obj1);
		System.out.println(name + " finished execution.");
	}

	private void work() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(30000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

Analyze Deadlock

2012-12-27 19:08:34
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (23.5-b02 mixed mode):
'Attach Listener' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2814000 nid=0x4007 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
'DestroyJavaVM' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2801000 nid=0x1703 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
't3' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a204b000 nid=0x4d07 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000015d971000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
	at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
't2' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1073000 nid=0x4207 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000015d209000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
	at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
't1' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1072000 nid=0x5503 waiting for monitor entry [0x000000015d86e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
	at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
'Service Thread' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1038000 nid=0x5303 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
'C2 CompilerThread1' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1037000 nid=0x5203 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
'C2 CompilerThread0' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1016000 nid=0x5103 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
'Signal Dispatcher' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a4003000 nid=0x5003 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
'Finalizer' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a4800000 nid=0x3f03 in Object.wait() [0x000000015d0c0000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
	- waiting on <0x000000013de75798> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
	at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:135)
	- locked <0x000000013de75798> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
	at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:151)
	at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:177)
'Reference Handler' daemon prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a4002000 nid=0x3e03 in Object.wait() [0x000000015cfbd000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
	- waiting on <0x000000013de75320> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:503)
	at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:133)
	- locked <0x000000013de75320> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
'VM Thread' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2049800 nid=0x3d03 runnable
'GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a300d800 nid=0x3503 runnable
'GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2001800 nid=0x3603 runnable
'GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2003800 nid=0x3703 runnable
'GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2004000 nid=0x3803 runnable
'GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2005000 nid=0x3903 runnable
'GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2005800 nid=0x3a03 runnable
'GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2006000 nid=0x3b03 runnable
'GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a2006800 nid=0x3c03 runnable
'VM Periodic Task Thread' prio=5 tid=0x00007fb0a1015000 nid=0x5403 waiting on condition
JNI global references: 114
Found one Java-level deadlock:
=============================
't3':
  waiting to lock monitor 0x00007fb0a1074b08 (object 0x000000013df2f658, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by 't1'
't1':
  waiting to lock monitor 0x00007fb0a1010f08 (object 0x000000013df2f668, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by 't2'
't2':
  waiting to lock monitor 0x00007fb0a1012360 (object 0x000000013df2f678, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by 't3'
Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
't3':
	at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
't1':
	at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000013df2f658> (a java.lang.Object)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
't2':
	at com.journaldev.threads.SyncThread.run(ThreadDeadlock.java:41)
	- waiting to lock <0x000000013df2f678> (a java.lang.Object)
	- locked <0x000000013df2f668> (a java.lang.Object)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Found 1 deadlock.

thread dump文件清晰表明了deadlock情况,thread和资源相互牵扯导致死锁的情况。
为了分析死锁，需要找到状态为blocked的线程，接着它在等待resource的锁，每个resource有一个唯一的ID，通过它我们可以发现那个线程已经持有此对象上的锁。
一旦分析deadlock情况，且找到哪些线程导致死锁，我们需要改变代码来避免死锁。

Avoid deadlock

这儿有一些指导原则，使用它可以避免死锁情况。
avoid nested Locks：如果你已经持有一个锁，避免锁定其他资源。

public void run() {
    String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
    System.out.println(name + ' acquiring lock on ' + obj1);
    synchronized (obj1) {
        System.out.println(name + ' acquired lock on ' + obj1);
        work();
    }
    System.out.println(name + ' released lock on ' + obj1);
    System.out.println(name + ' acquiring lock on ' + obj2);
    synchronized (obj2) {
        System.out.println(name + ' acquired lock on ' + obj2);
        work();
    }
    System.out.println(name + ' released lock on ' + obj2);
    System.out.println(name + ' finished execution.');
}

Lock Only what is required：仅在需要操作的对象上获取锁。
avoid waiting indefinitely:避免无限等待。如果两个线程使用thread join方式相互等待容易导致死锁。如果线程必须等待其他线程结束，最好使用你希望等待线程结束的最大时间。