自适应量化对视频主观质量的影响是非常大,甚至决定了一个编码器的优劣,“编码器评测结果一次又一次的证明,没有自适应量化的编码器完全没法与具备的编码器相提并论。”开启自适应量化对编码速度的影响并不大;对性能的提升在PSNR上看并不明显,在主观质量上还是有一些细节改善,因此建议保持默认值。自适应量化强度决定码率偏向于低细节(ssd小)部分的强度。
看下x264中的代码实现:
void x264_adaptive_quant_frame( x264_t *h, x264_frame_t *frame, float *quant_offsets )
{
/* Initialize frame stats */
for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )// 三个通道
{
frame->i_pixel_sum[i] = 0;
frame->i_pixel_ssd[i] = 0;
}
/* Degenerate cases */
if( h->param.rc.i_aq_mode == X264_AQ_NONE || h->param.rc.f_aq_strength == 0 )
{
/* Need to init it anyways for MB tree */
if( h->param.rc.i_aq_mode && h->param.rc.f_aq_strength == 0 )
{
if( quant_offsets )
{
for( int mb_xy = 0; mb_xy < h->mb.i_mb_count; mb_xy++ )
{
frame->f_qp_offset[mb_xy] = frame->f_qp_offset_aq[mb_xy] = quant_offsets[mb_xy];
}
if( h->frames.b_have_lowres )
for( int mb_xy = 0; mb_xy < h->mb.i_mb_count; mb_xy++ )
frame->i_inv_qscale_factor[mb_xy] = x264_exp2fix8( frame->f_qp_offset[mb_xy] );
}
else
{
memset( frame->f_qp_offset, 0, h->mb.i_mb_count * sizeof(float) );
memset( frame->f_qp_offset_aq, 0, h->mb.i_mb_count * sizeof(float) );
if( h->frames.b_have_lowres )
for( int mb_xy = 0; mb_xy < h->mb.i_mb_count; mb_xy++ )
frame->i_inv_qscale_factor[mb_xy] = 256;
}
}
/* Need variance data for weighted prediction */
if( h->param.analyse.i_weighted_pred )
{
for( int mb_y = 0; mb_y < h->mb.i_mb_height; mb_y++ )
for( int mb_x = 0; mb_x < h->mb.i_mb_width; mb_x++ )
ac_energy_mb( h, mb_x, mb_y, frame );
}
else
return;
}
/* Actual adaptive quantization */
else
{这里开始生效自适应量化
/* constants chosen to result in approximately the same overall bitrate as without AQ.
* FIXME: while they're written in 5 significant digits, they're only tuned to 2. */
float strength;
float avg_adj = 0.f;
float bias_strength = 0.f;
if( h->param.rc.i_aq_mode == X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE ||
h->param.rc.i_aq_mode == X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE_BIASED )// 应用 于每一个宏块
{
float bit_depth_correction = 1.f / (1 << (2*(BIT_DEPTH-8)));
float avg_adj_pow2 = 0.f;
for( int mb_y = 0; mb_y < h->mb.i_mb_height; mb_y++ )
for( int mb_x = 0; mb_x < h->mb.i_mb_width; mb_x++ )
{
uint32_t energy = ac_energy_mb( h, mb_x, mb_y, frame );// ssd - sum_ssd^2 >> shift;//计算ssd - sum_ssd ^ 2 >> shift;
float qp_adj = powf( energy * bit_depth_correction + 1, 0.125f );
frame->f_qp_offset[mb_x + mb_y*h->mb.i_mb_stride] = qp_adj;
avg_adj += qp_adj;
avg_adj_pow2 += qp_adj * qp_adj;
}
avg_adj /= h->mb.i_mb_count;
avg_adj_pow2 /= h->mb.i_mb_count;
strength = h->param.rc.f_aq_strength * avg_adj;
avg_adj = avg_adj - 0.5f * (avg_adj_pow2 - 14.f) / avg_adj;
bias_strength = h->param.rc.f_aq_strength;
}
else
strength = h->param.rc.f_aq_strength * 1.0397f;
for( int mb_y = 0; mb_y < h->mb.i_mb_height; mb_y++ )
for( int mb_x = 0; mb_x < h->mb.i_mb_width; mb_x++ )
{
float qp_adj;
int mb_xy = mb_x + mb_y*h->mb.i_mb_stride;
if( h->param.rc.i_aq_mode == X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE_BIASED )
{
qp_adj = frame->f_qp_offset[mb_xy];
qp_adj = strength * (qp_adj - avg_adj) + bias_strength * (1.f - 14.f / (qp_adj * qp_adj));
}
else if( h->param.rc.i_aq_mode == X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE )
{
qp_adj = frame->f_qp_offset[mb_xy];
qp_adj = strength * (qp_adj - avg_adj);// 这里strength 会放大 当前宏块计算出来的energy和平均ener插值
//如果这里qp_adj - avg_adj 大于0,energy 大的宏块的qp会被调整得更大。最终计算的qp_offset越大,复杂区域更模糊
//如果这里qp_adj - avg_adj小于0,strength越大,qp_offset 越小,最终qp也越小,平坦区域更清晰
}
else
{
uint32_t energy = ac_energy_mb( h, mb_x, mb_y, frame );
qp_adj = strength * (x264_log2( X264_MAX(energy, 1) ) - (14.427f + 2*(BIT_DEPTH-8)));
}
if( quant_offsets )
qp_adj += quant_offsets[mb_xy];
frame->f_qp_offset[mb_xy] =
frame->f_qp_offset_aq[mb_xy] = qp_adj;//最终计算得到 q_qp_offset和 f_qp_offset_aq;
if( h->frames.b_have_lowres )
frame->i_inv_qscale_factor[mb_xy] = x264_exp2fix8(qp_adj);
}
}
/* Remove mean from SSD calculation */
for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
{
uint64_t ssd = frame->i_pixel_ssd[i];
uint64_t sum = frame->i_pixel_sum[i];
int width = 16*h->mb.i_mb_width >> (i && CHROMA_H_SHIFT);
int height = 16*h->mb.i_mb_height >> (i && CHROMA_V_SHIFT);
frame->i_pixel_ssd[i] = ssd - (sum * sum + width * height / 2) / (width * height);
}
}
//看最终调整宏块qp部分代码
int x264_ratecontrol_mb_qp( x264_t *h )
{
x264_emms();
float qp = h->rc->qpm;
if( h->param.rc.i_aq_mode )
{
/* MB-tree currently doesn't adjust quantizers in unreferenced frames. */
float qp_offset = h->fdec->b_kept_as_ref ? h->fenc->f_qp_offset[h->mb.i_mb_xy] : h->fenc->f_qp_offset_aq[h->mb.i_mb_xy];
/* Scale AQ's effect towards zero in emergency mode. */
if( qp > QP_MAX_SPEC )
qp_offset *= (QP_MAX - qp) / (QP_MAX - QP_MAX_SPEC); //通过f_qp_offset值按比例调整最终得到的qp值,
qp += qp_offset;
}
return x264_clip3( qp + 0.5f, h->param.rc.i_qp_min, h->param.rc.i_qp_max );
}
这里可以看出来,aq-strength放大了,ssd 对当前宏块的qp值的影响。