1.使用Process完成多进程
import threading
import time
import multiprocessing
def test1():
while True:
print("1--------")
time.sleep(1)
def test2():
while True:
print("2--------")
time.sleep(1)
def main():
# t1 = threading.Thread(target=test1)
# t2 = threading.Thread(target=test2)
# t1.start()
# t2.start()
p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test1)
p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=test2)
p1.start()
p2.start()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
运行结果:
2. 通过队列完成进程间通信
import multiprocessing
"""
一个进程向Queue中写入数据,另外一个进程从Queue中获取数据,
通过Queue完成了 多个需要配合的进程间的数据共享,从而能够 起到 解耦的作用
"""
def download_from_web(q):
"""下载数据"""
# 模拟从网上下载的数据
data = [11, 22, 33, 44]
# 向队列中写入数据
for temp in data:
q.put(temp)
print("---下载器已经下载完了数据并且存入到队列中----")
def analysis_data(q):
"""数据处理"""
waitting_analysis_data = list()
# 从队列中获取数据
while True:
data = q.get()
waitting_analysis_data.append(data)
if q.empty():
break
# 模拟数据处理
print(waitting_analysis_data)
def main():
# 1. 创建一个队列
q = multiprocessing.Queue()
# 2. 创建多个进程,将队列的引用当做实参进行传递到里面
p1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=download_from_web, args=(q,))
p2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=analysis_data, args=(q,))
p1.start()
p2.start()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
运行结果:
---下载器已经下载完了数据并且存入到队列中----
[11, 22, 33, 44]
3.进程池
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from multiprocessing import Pool
import os, time, random
def worker(msg):
t_start = time.time()
print("%s开始执行,进程号为%d" % (msg,os.getpid()))
# random.random()随机生成0~1之间的浮点数
time.sleep(random.random()*2)
t_stop = time.time()
print(msg,"执行完毕,耗时%0.2f" % (t_stop-t_start))
po = Pool(3) # 定义一个进程池,最大进程数3
for i in range(0,10):
# Pool().apply_async(要调用的目标,(传递给目标的参数元祖,))
# 每次循环将会用空闲出来的子进程去调用目标
po.apply_async(worker,(i,))
print("----start----")
po.close() # 关闭进程池,关闭后po不再接收新的请求
po.join() # 等待po中所有子进程执行完成,必须放在close语句之后
print("-----end-----")
运行结果如下,注意进程池中的三个进程号41708,41709,41710循环使用。
4.案例
代码一:多任务文件夹拷贝
import os
import multiprocessing
def copy_file(file_name, old_folder_name, new_folder_name):
"""完成文件的复制"""
print("======>模拟copy文件:从%s--->到%s 文件名是:%s" % (old_folder_name, new_folder_name, file_name))
old_f = open(old_folder_name + "/" + file_name, "rb")
content = old_f.read()
old_f.close()
new_f = open(new_folder_name + "/" + file_name, "wb")
new_f.write(content)
new_f.close()
def main():
# 1. 获取用户要copy的文件夹的名字
old_folder_name = input("请输入要copy的文件夹的名字:")
# 2. 创建一个新的文件夹
try:
new_folder_name = old_folder_name + "[复件]"
os.mkdir(new_folder_name)
except:
pass
# 3. 获取文件夹的所有的待copy的文件名字 listdir()
file_names = os.listdir(old_folder_name)
print(file_names)
# 4. 创建进程池
po = multiprocessing.Pool(5)
# 5. 向进程池中添加 copy文件的任务
for file_name in file_names:
po.apply_async(copy_file, args=(file_name, old_folder_name, new_folder_name))
po.close()
po.join()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
代码二:多任务文件夹拷贝(显示进度)
import os
import multiprocessing
def copy_file(q, file_name, old_folder_name, new_folder_name):
"""完成文件的复制"""
# print("======>模拟copy文件:从%s--->到%s 文件名是:%s" % (old_folder_name, new_folder_name, file_name))
old_f = open(old_folder_name + "/" + file_name, "rb")
content = old_f.read()
old_f.close()
new_f = open(new_folder_name + "/" + file_name, "wb")
new_f.write(content)
new_f.close()
# 如果拷贝完了文件,那么就向队列中写入一个消息,表示已经完成
q.put(file_name)
def main():
# 1. 获取用户要copy的文件夹的名字
old_folder_name = input("请输入要copy的文件夹的名字:")
# 2. 创建一个新的文件夹
try:
new_folder_name = old_folder_name + "[复件]"
os.mkdir(new_folder_name)
except:
pass
# 3. 获取文件夹的所有的待copy的文件名字 listdir()
file_names = os.listdir(old_folder_name)
# print(file_names)
# 4. 创建进程池
po = multiprocessing.Pool(5)
# 5. 创建一个队列
q = multiprocessing.Manager().Queue()
# 6. 向进程池中添加 copy文件的任务
for file_name in file_names:
po.apply_async(copy_file, args=(q, file_name, old_folder_name, new_folder_name))
po.close()
# po.join()
all_file_num = len(file_names) # 测一下所有的文件个数
copy_ok_num = 0
while True:
file_name = q.get()
# print("已经完成copy:%s" % file_name)
copy_ok_num+=1
print("\r拷贝的进度为:%.2f %%" % (copy_ok_num*100/all_file_num), end="")
if copy_ok_num >= all_file_num:
break
print()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()