MySQL 5.7.42 主从复制环境搭建
本次安装环境：
OS版本：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.8 (Santiago)
MySQL版本：5.7.42
架构：同一台机器，多实例安装搭建
ip地址：10.1.11.250
安装方式：采用MySQL二进制安装
下载MySQL二进制包
参考之前文章链接MySQL 8.0 安装
下载MySQL 5.7.42 安装包，唯一注意的点是glibc的版本。
[root@testbed opt]# rpm -qa|grep glibc
glibc-2.12-1.192.el6.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.12-1.192.el6.x86_64
glibc-common-2.12-1.192.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.192.el6.x86_64
glibc的版本是2.12。
官方的MySQL安装包的glibc版本只有一个，也是2.12，所以他适配的也就是rhel6。
操作系统环境配置
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/mysql -MN mysql
# cd /opt
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd /usr/local
# ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs,tmp}
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306/
上传修改MySQL配置文件
[root@testbed mysql3306]# ls -ltr
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 8129 Nov 5 2018 my3306.cnf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 25 09:11 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 25 09:11 logs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 25 09:11 data
[root@testbed mysql3306]# cat my3306.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
[mysql]
auto-rehash
prompt="\\u@\\h [\\d]>"
#pager="less -i -n -S"
#tee=/opt/mysql/query.log
[mysqld]
####: for global
user =mysql # mysql
basedir =/usr/local/mysql/ # /usr/local/mysql/
datadir =/data/mysql/mysql3306/data # /usr/local/mysql/data
server_id =33306 # 0
port =3306 # 3306
character_set_server =utf8 # latin1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp =off # off
log_timestamps =system
default_time_zone ='+8:00' # utc
socket =/tmp/mysql3306.sock # /tmp/mysql.sock
read_only = 1 # off
super_read_only = 1
skip_name_resolve =off # 0
auto_increment_increment =1 # 1
auto_increment_offset =1 # 1
lower_case_table_names =1 # 0
secure_file_priv = /tmp/ # null
open_files_limit =65536 # 1024
max_connections =1000 # 151
thread_cache_size =64 # 9
table_open_cache =81920 # 2000
table_definition_cache =4096 # 1400
table_open_cache_instances =64 # 16
max_prepared_stmt_count =1048576 #
####: for binlog
binlog_format =row # row
log_bin =/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin # off
binlog_rows_query_log_events =on # off
log_slave_updates =on # off
expire_logs_days =7 # 0
binlog_cache_size =65536 # 65536(64k)
#binlog_checksum =none # CRC32
sync_binlog =1 # 1
slave-preserve-commit-order =ON #
####: for error-log
log_error =error.log # /usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err
general_log =off # off
general_log_file =general.log # hostname.log
####: for slow query log
slow_query_log =on # off
slow_query_log_file =slow.log # hostname.log
#log_queries_not_using_indexes =on # off
long_query_time =1.000000 # 10.000000
####: for gtid
#gtid_executed_compression_period =1000 # 1000
gtid_mode =on # off
enforce_gtid_consistency =on # off
####: for replication
skip_slave_start =1 #
#master_info_repository =table # file
#relay_log_info_repository =table # file
slave_parallel_type =logical_clock # database | LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave_parallel_workers =4 # 0
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled =1 # 0
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =1 # 0
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout =1000 # 1000(1 second)
#plugin_load_add =semisync_master.so #
#plugin_load_add =semisync_slave.so #
binlog_group_commit_sync_delay =100 # 500(0.05%秒)、默认值0
binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count = 10 # 0
####: for innodb
innodb_data_file_path =ibdata1:100M:autoextend # ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_temp_data_file_path =ibtmp1:12M:autoextend # ibtmp1:12M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_filename =ib_buffer_pool # ib_buffer_pool
innodb_log_group_home_dir =./ # ./
innodb_log_files_in_group =3 # 2
innodb_log_file_size =100M # 50331648(48M)
innodb_file_per_table =on # on
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size =128M # 134217728(128M)
innodb_open_files =65535 # 2000
innodb_page_size =16k # 16384(16k)
innodb_thread_concurrency =0 # 0
innodb_read_io_threads =4 # 4
innodb_write_io_threads =4 # 4
innodb_purge_threads =4 # 4(垃圾回收)
innodb_page_cleaners =4 # 4(刷新lru脏页)
innodb_print_all_deadlocks =on # off
innodb_deadlock_detect =on # on
innodb_lock_wait_timeout =20 # 50
innodb_spin_wait_delay =128 # 6
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode =2 # 1
innodb_io_capacity =200 # 200
innodb_io_capacity_max =2000 # 2000
#--------Persistent Optimizer Statistics
innodb_stats_auto_recalc =on # on
innodb_stats_persistent =on # on
innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages =20 # 20
innodb_change_buffer_max_size =25 # 25
innodb_flush_neighbors =1 # 1
#innodb_flush_method = #
innodb_doublewrite =on # on
innodb_log_buffer_size =128M # 16777216(16M)
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout =1 # 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =1 # 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size =100M # 134217728(128M)
innodb_buffer_pool_instances =4
#--------innodb scan resistant
innodb_old_blocks_pct =37 # 37
innodb_old_blocks_time =1000 # 1000
#--------innodb read ahead
innodb_read_ahead_threshold =56 # 56 (0..64)
innodb_random_read_ahead =OFF # OFF
#--------innodb buffer pool state
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct =25 # 25
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown =ON # ON
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup =ON # ON
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
安装过程
数据库初始化
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf --initialize
初始化日志：
[root@testbed data]# cat error.log
2024-06-25T09:17:46.464009+08:00 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
100
100
100
100
2024-06-25T09:17:47.233135+08:00 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2024-06-25T09:17:47.256665+08:00 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2024-06-25T09:17:47.330735+08:00 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: bb72a663-3290-11ef-bc60-000c29e3c118.
2024-06-25T09:17:47.332265+08:00 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2024-06-25T09:17:47.504191+08:00 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-06-25T09:17:47.504205+08:00 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-06-25T09:17:47.504620+08:00 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2024-06-25T09:17:47.565232+08:00 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Rcftzek;w80s
启动数据库
[root@testbed data]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 27181 2151 0 09:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@testbed data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf &
[1] 27182
[root@testbed data]# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql 27182 2151 6 09:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf
root 27211 2151 0 09:20 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
启动日志
2024-06-25T09:20:50.194162+08:00 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2024-06-25T09:20:50.196146+08:00 0 [Warning] Insecure configuration for --secure-file-priv: Location is accessible to all OS users. Consider choosing a different directory.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.196174+08:00 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.42-log) starting as process 27182 ...
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202558+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202579+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202583+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202586+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is used for memory barrier
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202590+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.13
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202593+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202603+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Adjusting innodb_buffer_pool_instances from 4 to 1 since innodb_buffer_pool_size is less than 1024 MiB
2024-06-25T09:20:50.202947+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
2024-06-25T09:20:50.203010+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2024-06-25T09:20:50.205724+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
2024-06-25T09:20:50.210624+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2024-06-25T09:20:50.211465+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: If the mysqld execution user is authorized, page cleaner thread priority can be changed. See the man page of setpriority().
2024-06-25T09:20:50.228895+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.287124+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
2024-06-25T09:20:50.287250+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
2024-06-25T09:20:50.293233+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.293682+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 96 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.293689+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.294077+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
2024-06-25T09:20:50.360419+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: 5.7.42 started; log sequence number 2766912
2024-06-25T09:20:50.363656+08:00 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.365561+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/ib_buffer_pool
2024-06-25T09:20:50.373689+08:00 0 [Note] Found ca.pem, server-cert.pem and server-key.pem in data directory. Trying to enable SSL support using them.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.373703+08:00 0 [Note] Skipping generation of SSL certificates as certificate files are present in data directory.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.373711+08:00 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.373713+08:00 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.378248+08:00 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.378292+08:00 0 [Note] Skipping generation of RSA key pair as key files are present in data directory.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.378514+08:00 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306
2024-06-25T09:20:50.386005+08:00 0 [Note] IPv6 is available.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.386028+08:00 0 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';
2024-06-25T09:20:50.386040+08:00 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
2024-06-25T09:20:50.404028+08:00 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
2024-06-25T09:20:50.404302+08:00 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.7.42-log' socket: '/tmp/mysql3306.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
2024-06-25T09:20:50.405925+08:00 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 240625 9:20:50
连接数据库
[root@testbed data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.42-log
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> alter user user() identified by 'mysql';
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --super-read-only option so it cannot execute this statement
mysql> set global super_read_only=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter user user() identified by 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
模拟有数据变化
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.18 sec)
mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table test (id int,name char);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(1,'a');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | a |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
搭建从库
环境准备，由于在同一台机器搭建，省略了安装软件的步骤
# mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3308/{data,logs,tmp}
# cp /data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf /data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3308/
批量修改配置文件：
:%s/3306/3308/g
sed -i ‘s/3306/3308/g’ my3308.cnf
主要就是port和server_id的修改，其余的可以和主库参数保持一致。
数据库初始化及启动
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf --initialize
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf &
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
主库备份
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock --master-data=2 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --single-transaction -A >db3306-`date +%Y%m%d`.sql
备份文件有如下内容，下面可以用到
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=1062;
从库导入
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock < db3306-20240625.sql
主库创建用户，及赋权
mysql> create user repl@'%' identified by 'repl';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从库启动进程：
[root@testbed ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.42-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show slave status\G;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql> change master to master_host='10.1.11.250', master_port=3306, master_user='repl', master_password='repl',master_auto_position=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.1.11.250
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1502
Relay_Log_File: testbed-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 454
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1502
Relay_Log_Space: 2224
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 33306
Master_UUID: f1870083-32aa-11ef-9129-000c29e3c118
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3308/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: f1870083-32aa-11ef-9129-000c29e3c118:1-6
Executed_Gtid_Set: 7dd629bf-32ab-11ef-9b8d-000c29e3c118:1-132,
f1870083-32aa-11ef-9129-000c29e3c118:1-6
Auto_Position: 1
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
整个过程如下：
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/local/mysql -MN mysql
cd /opt
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local
ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs,tmp}
mv /opt/my.cnf /data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306/
sed -i 's/3311/3306/g' my3306.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf --initialize
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf &
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
alter user user() identified by 'mysql';
show databases;
create database test;
use test;
create table test(id int,name char);
insert into test values(1,'a');
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3308/{data,logs,tmp}
cp /data/mysql/mysql3306/my3306.cnf /data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3308/
sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf --initialize
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3308/my3308.cnf &
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
alter user user() identified by 'mysql';
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock --master-data=2 --set-gtid-purged=OFF --single-transaction -A >db3306-`date +%Y%m%d`.sql
create user repl@'%' identified by 'repl';
grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'%';
mysql> reset master;
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock < db3306-20240625.sql
change master to master_host='10.1.11.250', master_port=3306, master_user='repl', master_password='repl',master_auto_position=1;
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