python的继承与多态

一.继承 

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, sex):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex

    def print_title(self):
        if self.sex == "male":
            print("man")
        elif self.sex == "female":
            print("woman")


class Child(Person):  # Child 继承 Person
    pass


Lice = Child("Lice", "female")
Peter = Person("Peter", "male")

print(Lice.name, Lice.sex, Peter.name, Peter.sex)  # 子类继承父类方法及属性
Lice.print_title()
Peter.print_title()

二.多态

1.重写父类方法

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, sex):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex

    def print_title(self):
        if self.sex == "male":
            print("man")
        elif self.sex == "female":
            print("woman")


class Child(Person):  # Child 继承 Person
    def print_title(self):
        if self.sex == "male":
            print("boy")
        elif self.sex == "female":
            print("girl")


Lice = Child("May", "female")
Peter = Person("Peter", "male")

print(Lice.name, Lice.sex, Peter.name, Peter.sex)
Lice.print_title()
Peter.print_title()

2.子类重写构造函数

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,name,sex):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex

class Child(Person):                # Child 继承 Person
    def __init__(self,name,sex,mother,father):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex
        self.mother = mother
        self.father = father

Lice = Child("Lice","female","Haly","Peter")
print(Lice.name,Lice.sex,Lice.mother,Lice.father)

3.子类对父类的构造方法进行调用

父类构造函数包含很多属性，子类仅需新增1、2个，会有不少冗余的代码

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,name,sex):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex

class Child(Person):                          # Child 继承 Person
    def __init__(self,name,sex,mother,father):
        Person.__init__(self,name,sex)        # 子类对父类的构造方法的调用
        self.mother = mother
        self.father = father
        
        # self.name='haha'

Lice = Child("Lice","female","Haly","Peter")
print(Lice.name,Lice.sex,Lice.mother,Lice.father)

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, sex):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex


class Child(Person):  # Child 继承 Person
    def __init__(self, name, sex, mother, father):
        super(Child, self).__init__(name, sex)  # 子类对父类的构造方法的调用
        self.mother = mother
        self.father = father

        # self.name='haha'


Lice = Child("Lice", "female", "Haly", "Peter")
print(Lice.name, Lice.sex, Lice.mother, Lice.father)

 

4.多重继承

新建一个类 baby 继承 Child ， 可继承父类及父类上层类的属性及方法，优先使用层类近的方法，

#coding:utf-8
class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, sex):
        self.name = name
        self.sex = sex

    def print_title(self):
        if self.sex == "male":
            print("man")
        elif self.sex == "female":
            print("woman")


class Child(Person):
    pass


class Baby(Child):
    pass


Lice = Baby("Lice", "female")  # 继承上上层父类的属性
print(Lice.name, Lice.sex)
Lice.print_title()  # 可使用上上层父类的方法

print('==================')
class Child(Person):
    def print_title(self):
        if self.sex == "male":
            print("boy")
        elif self.sex == "female":
            print("girl")


class Baby(Child):
    pass


Lice2 = Baby("Lice2", "female")
print(Lice2.name, Lice2.sex)
Lice2.print_title()  # 优先使用上层类的方法

5.替换if else

class Pay:
    def pay(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

class AliPay(Pay):
    def pay(self):
        print('==ali pay')

class WechatPay(Pay):
    def pay(self):
        print('==wechat pay')


lookup = {'alipay': AliPay(),
          'wechat': WechatPay()}

def pay(pay_type):
    lookup.get(pay_type).pay()


pay('alipay')