静态路由综合实验_l路由综合实验-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fatsheep8_5/article/details/136987362

一、实验拓扑图

二、实验要求：

1、R6为ISP，接口IP地址均为公有地址，该设备只能配置IP地址，之后不能再对其进行任何配置；

2、R1-R5为局域网，私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24，请合理分配；

3、R1、R2、R4，各有两个环回IP地址；R5,R6各有一个环回地址；所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口；

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；

5、选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回；

7、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时，实际登录到R1上；

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100m链路；

三、实验思路

1.根据网段数并且简化路由再划分IP

2.配置DHCP服务，下发给主机IP

3.配置静态路由，使得内网全通

4.配置路由防止成环

5. 配置nat，使得公网与私网互通，

6.R6telentR5，实则登录R1

7.R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100m链路，即修改优先级

四、实验步骤：

分别给R1~R6配置IP地址和环回

[R1]int g 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

Mar 21 2024 14:40:09-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

Mar 21 2024 14:41:21-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]int l1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[R1-LoopBack1]q

[R1]dis ip int b

[R1]dis ip int brief

配置R2的IP和环回：

R2]int g 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

Mar 21 2024 14:48:07-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

Mar 21 2024 14:49:09-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

[R2]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]int l1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R2-LoopBack1]q

配置R3

R3]int g 0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

Mar 21 2024 14:54:54-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

Mar 21 2024 14:55:36-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

配置好IP地址后因为下面还有一个网段且都连接着两台主机pc1和pc2，直接用dhcp获取，所以下面就是给R3配置dhcp：

R3]dhcp en

[R3]dhcp enable

Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.

[R3]ip pool aa

Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.

R3-ip-pool-aa]net

[R3-ip-pool-aa]netbios-type

[R3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27

[R3-ip-pool-aa]ga

[R3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97

R3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8

[R3-ip-pool-aa]int g 0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp se

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select q

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select g

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global （把dhcp下发到下面的pc端，还有dhcp服务器）

在pc端查看是否有地址分配，若还没有出现可能是延迟的原因

配置R4的环回和IP

R4]int g 0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

Mar 21 2024 14:57:00-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

Mar 21 2024 14:57:32-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R4]int g 0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

Mar 21 2024 15:42:28-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

Mar 21 2024 15:43:15-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

给r5配置IP跟环回：

[R5]int g 0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

Mar 24 2024 11:35:16-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/2

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

Mar 24 2024 11:35:39-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.

[R5]int g 0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.5 24（r5配置12.0.0.5主要是为了好记）

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Mar 24 2024 11:37:45-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R5]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 27

配置R6的IP跟环回

[R6]int g 0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.6 24

Mar 24 2024 11:41:14-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP

on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.6 24

[R6-LoopBack0]q

[R6]

2.配置静态路由（私网通）

给R1配置静态路由：

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]

[R1]ip route

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]

[R1]ip rou

[R1]ip route

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip

[R1]ip r

[R1]ip relay

[R1]ip route

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip ro

[R1]ip route

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]

[R1]ip ro

[R1]ip route

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

最后用dis ip routing-table protocol static可以查看路由表

配置R2的静态路由;

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.96 27 192.168.1.10

Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip ro

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip rou

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]dis ro

[R2]dis rollback

[R2]dis route-policy

[R2]dis router

[R2]ip r

[R2]ip relay

[R2]ip route

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]dis ip r

[R2]dis ip rd-filter

[R2]dis ip routing-table p

[R2]dis ip routing-table protocol s

[R2]dis ip routing-table protocol static

配置R3的静态路由：

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static

Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route-static

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip ro

[R3]ip route

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]dis ip rp

[R3]dis ip ro

[R3]dis ip routing-table p

[R3]dis ip routing-table protocol s

[R3]dis ip routing-table protocol static

配置R4的静态路由：

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18

[R4]ip ro

[R4]ip route

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22

[R4]dis ip r

[R4]dis ip rd-filter

[R4]dis ip routing-table p

[R4]dis ip routing-table protocol s

[R4]dis ip routing-table protocol static

配置r5的静态路由：

[R5]ip ro

[R5]ip route

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

Error: The route already exists.

[R5]

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

Error: The route already exists.

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]dis ip r

[R5]dis ip rd-filter

[R5]dis ip routing-table p

[R5]dis ip routing-table protocol s

[R5]dis ip routing-table protocol static

r1去ping一下看是否内网通了（有延迟是正常）

3.给r5配置缺省路由，不能配置明细；

配置缺省的目的：1.是为了做nat的时候把内网中pc所发出去的流量能顺利带到公网的路由器上，即使配错了，也可以通过缺省到公网

4.避免环路，在配置了环回接口的地方配置防环机制（静态防环）

五、配置nat

Ping1.1.1.6发现ping不通，搞缺省

给r1~r4配置缺省：

发现能够ping通

配置telnet

测试：