实验拓扑图:
实验要求:
1、AS1中存在两个环回,一个地址为192.168.1.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告;
AS3中存在两个环回,一个地址为192.168.2.0/24,该地址不能在何协议中宣告,最终要求这两个环回可以ping通;
2、整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16,请合理划分;并且其内部配置OSPF协议
3、A5间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制;
4、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问
5、减少路由条目数量,避免环路出现;
实验步骤:
一、给各个设备改名以及配置各个设备的IP地址以及环回:
R1:
[R1]INT G 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]int l1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]
[R2]INT g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.1 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.1.22 30
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q
[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 30
[R3]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.5 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.3.3 24
[R4]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.6 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.9 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.4.4 24
[R4-LoopBack1]q
[R4]dis ip int b
[R4]dis ip int brief
[R5]int g 0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.17 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]int l1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip add 172.168.5.5 24
[R5-LoopBack1]q
[R6]int g 0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.18 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.6 32
[R6-LoopBack0]int l1
[R6-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-LoopBack1]q
[R7]int g 0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.14 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.10 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 34.1.1.7 24
[R7]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.7 32
[R7-LoopBack0]int l1
[R7-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.7.7 24
[R7-LoopBack1]q
[R8]int g 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.8 24
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.8 32
[R8-LoopBack0]int l1
[R8-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.2.8 24
[R8-LoopBack1]q
二、通过IGP协议把as内部搞通
[R2]ospf 1 r
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3]ospf 1r
[R3]ospf 1 r
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R4-ospf-1]
[R4-ospf-1]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]a 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R5]ospf 1 r
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R6]ospf 1 ro
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7]ospf 1 ro
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
查看各邻居表看是否full
查看一下ospf路由表的学习情况
[R2]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
(24位的掩码变成了32位?---环回口的接口类型位p2p,环回口出现就是32位掩码)--解决方法--修改接口类型
三、BGP搞通as区域之间
[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]pe
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
用子as
[R2]bgp 64512
告诉我的大号(父as)是as2
[R2-bgp]con
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
告诉联盟
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
建立邻居as的EBGP:
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1
建立邻居as内的IBGP:
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface l0
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
建立as内的EBGP:
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.22 as-number 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.22 next-hop-local
R3:
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 co
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface l0
[R3-bgp]
[R3-bgp]pe
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 co
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface l0
[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]co
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface l0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local---两个都有(I、Ebgp邻居,对EBGP修改下一跳为本机)
[R4-bgp]
R5:
[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]con
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 as 64512
[R5-bgp]pee
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 ne
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 next-hop-invariable
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 next-hop-local
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 co
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface l0
[R5-bgp]pe
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 ne
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
R6:
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]con
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5co
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 co
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface l0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 co
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface l0
[R6-bgp]
R7:
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]con
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 con
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface l0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 ne
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-invariable
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.1
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as 3
R8:
[R8]BGP 3
[R8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as 2
[R8-bgp]
查看是否建立成功:
[R2]dis bgp peer
四、宣告业务网段:
[R1-bgp]network 172.16.0.1 32
[R1-bgp]dis bgp r
[R1-bgp]dis bgp routing-table
查看bgp路由表发现R4,R7,R8没学到,因为出现了水平分割,子AS内部出现水平分割解决方法---IBGP全连接、反射器都可以解决
在R3、R6上设置反射器:
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 re
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 reflect-client
[R3-bgp]pe
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 re
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 reflect-client
[R3-bgp]
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 re
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 reflect-client
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 reflect-client
[R6-bgp]
查看R4发现学到了
在R8上宣告:
[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]ne 172.16.0.8 32
测试:
4.BGP协议宣告环回:
配置空接口,避免成环(在边界路由器(ASBR)上做防环或者汇总,相当于在整个as区域内做)
[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
宣告网段
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]ne
[R2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 16
测试:
(宣告的路由不能用自动汇总)
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]agg
[R2-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 de
[R2-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]ne 172.16.0.0 16
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]agg
[R7-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 de
[R7-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16
查看汇总后的网段:
还有两条业务网段没通(192开头的):解决方法--VPN
VPN:
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tu
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]sou
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.8
[R1]ip ro
[R1]ip route
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 10.1.1.2
[R8]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.2 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.1
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 10.1.1.1
测试: