java设计模式——访问者模式

《大话设计模式》第二十八章

package ch28;

public abstract class Element {
	public abstract void accept(Visitor visitor);
}

 

package ch28;

public abstract class Visitor {
	public abstract void visitConcreteElementA(ConcreteElementA concreteElementA);
	public abstract void visitConcreteElementB(ConcreteElementB concreteElementB);
}

 

package ch28;

public class ConcreteElementA extends Element {

	@Override
	public void accept(Visitor visitor) {
		visitor.visitConcreteElementA(this);
	}

}

 

package ch28;

public class ConcreteElementB extends Element {

	@Override
	public void accept(Visitor visitor) {
		visitor.visitConcreteElementB(this);
	}

}

 

package ch28;

public class ConcreteVisitor1 extends Visitor {

	@Override
	public void visitConcreteElementA(ConcreteElementA concreteElementA) {
		System.out.println("ConcreteVisitor1访问concreteElementA");
	}

	@Override
	public void visitConcreteElementB(ConcreteElementB concreteElementB) {
		System.out.println("ConcreteVisitor1访问concreteElementB");
	}

}

 

package ch28;

public class ConcreteVisitor2 extends Visitor {

	@Override
	public void visitConcreteElementA(ConcreteElementA concreteElementA) {
		System.out.println("ConcreteVisitor2访问concreteElementA");
	}

	@Override
	public void visitConcreteElementB(ConcreteElementB concreteElementB) {
		System.out.println("ConcreteVisitor2访问concreteElementB");
	}

}

 

package ch28;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class ObjectStructure {
	private List<Element> elements = new LinkedList<Element>();

	public void attach(Element element) {
		elements.add(element);
	}

	public void detach(Element element) {
		elements.remove(element);
	}

	public void accept(Visitor visitor) {
		for (int i = 0; i < elements.size(); i++) {
			elements.get(i).accept(visitor);
		}
	}
}

 

package ch28;

/**
 * 访问者模式
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Client {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ObjectStructure o = new ObjectStructure();
		o.attach(new ConcreteElementA());
		o.attach(new ConcreteElementB());
		
		ConcreteVisitor1 v1 = new ConcreteVisitor1();
		ConcreteVisitor2 v2 = new ConcreteVisitor2();
		
		o.accept(v1);
		o.accept(v2);
	}

}

运行：

ConcreteVisitor1访问concreteElementA
ConcreteVisitor1访问concreteElementB
ConcreteVisitor2访问concreteElementA
ConcreteVisitor2访问concreteElementB

JDK中的javax.lang.model.element.ElementVisitor和Element是经典例子。但是，感觉很少用到，可能是难以理解的缘故吧。

访问者模式要求element比较稳定，不会出现新的element，那么出现新的visitor，就只要增加新的访问代码，不需要修改element的代码。

或者visitor比较稳定，不会出现新的visitor，那么出现新的element，就只要增加新的element被访问的代码，不需要修改visitor的代码。