类构造和析构研究

一、代码1（全局类变量）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
	A();
	~A();
};
A::A(){
	std::cout<<"A construct"<<std::endl;
}
A::~A(){
	std::cout<<"A destruct"<<std::endl;
}
A a;
int main(){
	int b = 100000;
	std::cout<<"main start"<<std::endl;
	while(b--){
	}
	std::cout<<"main end"<<std::endl;
	return 0;
}

 运行结果如下：

A construct
main start
main end
A destruct

 结论：全局类变量的构造在main之前，析构在main返回之前

二、代码2（局部类变量）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
	A();
	~A();
};
A::A(){
	std::cout<<"A construct"<<std::endl;
}
A::~A(){
	std::cout<<"A destruct"<<std::endl;
}

int main(){
	int b = 100000;
	std::cout<<"main start"<<std::endl;
	A a;
	while(b--){
	}
	std::cout<<"main end"<<std::endl;
	return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

main start
A construct
main end
A destruct

 结论：局部类变量同普通变量一样在定义处构造，在函数返回后析构

三、代码3（局部类指针变量）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
	A();
	~A();
};
A::A(){
	std::cout<<"A construct"<<std::endl;
}
A::~A(){
	std::cout<<"A destruct"<<std::endl;
}

int main(){
	int b = 100000;
	std::cout<<"main start"<<std::endl;
	A *a = new A();
	while(b--){
	}
	delete a;
	std::cout<<"main end"<<std::endl;
	return 0;
}

 运行结果：

main start
A construct
A destruct
main end

 结论：类在new处构造，在delete处析构

四、代码4（类作为其他类的成员变量）--实例方式

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B{
public:
	B();
	~B();

};
B::B(){
	std::cout<<"B construct"<<std::endl;
}
B::~B(){
	std::cout<<"B destruct"<<std::endl;
}
class A{
public:
	A();
	~A();
public:
	B b;
};
A::A(){
	std::cout<<"A construct"<<std::endl;
}
A::~A(){
	std::cout<<"A destruct"<<std::endl;
}

int main(){
	int b = 100000;
	std::cout<<"main start"<<std::endl;
	A *a = new A();
	while(b--){
	}
	delete a;
	std::cout<<"main end"<<std::endl;
	return 0;
}

 运行结果如下：

main start
B construct
A construct
A destruct
B destruct
main end

 结论：以实例作为其他类的成员，比拥有它的类先调用构造函数，且比拥有它的类后调用析构函数

五、代码5（类作为其他类的成员变量）--指针方式

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B{
public:
	B();
	~B();

};
B::B(){
	std::cout<<"B construct"<<std::endl;
}
B::~B(){
	std::cout<<"B destruct"<<std::endl;
}
class A{
public:
	A();
	~A();
public:
	B *b;
};
A::A(){
	b = new B();
	std::cout<<"A construct"<<std::endl;
}
A::~A(){
	delete b;
	std::cout<<"A destruct"<<std::endl;
}

int main(){
	int b = 100000;
	std::cout<<"main start"<<std::endl;
	A *a = new A();
	while(b--){
	}
	delete a;
	std::cout<<"main end"<<std::endl;
	return 0;
}

 运行结果如下：

main start
B construct
A construct
B destruct
A destruct
main end

 

结论：可以通过指针的方式控制类成员的生存期