ruby-debug 命令详解

本篇主要是为了说明如何进行Rails调试的.但ruby-debug本身不是Rails的插件,也就是说ruby-debug是调试ruby程序.
1. 安装ruby-debug
那么,安装自然,就不是Rails的插件安装,下载gem包,或者直接gem安装如下:

gem install ruby-debug -y  

2. 在rails中如何配置
修改环境配置文件:

# config/environments/development.rb 
config.breakpoint_server = true
require "ruby-debug"

 

增加断点
在需要调试的代码部分增加debugger

def new
  @story = Story.new(params[:story])   
  @story.user = @current_user
  if request.post? and @story.save   
    debugger   
    @story.tag_with params[:tags] if params[:tags]   
    flash[:notice] = "Story submission succeeded"
    redirect_to :action => 'index'
  end
end

 

启动运行

Ruby代码

1. ruby script/server -e development 

调试运行界面

基本命令详解

1. help

第一个,最重要的命令

(rdb:5) help  
ruby-debug help v0.10.3  

 

你可以用help cmd看cmd命令的内容详情
这里说明我的ruby-debug是0.10.3版.这个版本的一些命令已经和之前版本的命令差很多了.

2. list
用来浏览代码列表和目前断点的位置

(rdb:2) list  
[54, 63] in ./script/../config/../app/controllers/user_controller.rb  
   54      end
   55    end
   56    
   57    def login  
   58      debugger  
=> 59      user = User.auth(@params['login'], @params['pwd'])  
   60      if user  
   61        @session[USER_PARAM] = user  
   62        set_filter(user)  
   63      else

多次打list可以看下面的代码.

l[ist]          #列出当前代码,再次输入,列出后面代码
l[ist] -        #列出当前代码,往前的代码
l[ist] =        #列出当前行代码
l[ist] nn-mm    #列出给定行的代码

3. where
用于查看当前程序运行的堆栈情况

(rdb:2) where  
--> #1 ./script/../config/../app/controllers/user_controller.rb:59:in `login'
#2 /usr/.../action_controller/base.rb:910:in `perform_action_without_filters'
#3 /usr/.../action_controller/filters.rb:368:in `perform_action_without_benchmark'
#4 /usr/.../action_controller/benchmarking.rb:69:in `measure'
#5 /usr/.../action_controller/benchmarking.rb:69:in `perform_action_without_rescue'
#6 /usr/.../action_controller/rescue.rb:82:in `perform_action'
    ...  

4. up/down
使用up和down命令可以在之前的where显示的堆栈中进行调试.并可以结合list和察看变量的方法,进行动态的调试.
如下:

(rdb:2) up 2  
#3 /usr/.../action_controller/filters.rb:368:in `perform_action_without_benchmark'
(rdb:2) l  
[363, 372] in /usr/.../action_controller/filters.rb  
   363    
   364        def perform_action_with_filters  
   365          before_action_result = before_action  
   366    
   367          unless before_action_result == false || performed?  
=> 368            perform_action_without_filters  
   369            after_action  
   370          end
   371    
   372          @before_filter_chain_aborted = (before_action_result == false)  
(rdb:2) before_action_result  
[:verify_login, :verify_access]  
(rdb:2) performed?  
false
(rdb:2) down 2  

5. step/next

s[tep][+-]?[ nnn]         
#nnn 表示次数
#'+' 强制向其它线程
#'-' 和上面相反并且禁用掉force_stepping setting.

单步执行,使用next命令向下执行而不进入命令本身.这两个都支持一个数字的参数表明执行多少:

(rdb:2) s  
script/../config/../app/models/user.rb:27:    find :first,   
(rdb:2) l  
[22, 31] in script/../config/../app/models/user.rb  
   22    def status_name  
   23      STATUS_NAMES[self.status]  
   24    end
   25    
   26    def self.auth(login, pwd)  
=> 27      find :first,   
   28        :conditions => ["login = ? AND pwd = ? AND status = ?",   
   29                      login, pwd, ACTIVE]  
   30    end
   31    
   32    def is_admin?  

6. Thread

th[read] l[ist]                # 列出所有的线程
th[read] stop             # 停止指定线程
th[read] resume           # 恢复指定线程
th[read] [sw[itch]]       # 切换执行环境到指定线程
th[read] [cur[rent]]           # 显示当前线程

用列出和切换线程,示例如下:

(rdb:2) thread list  
 1 # /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:91
+2 # script/../config/../app/models/user.rb:27
 31 # /usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8/drb/drb.rb:944
(rdb:2)  
By the way, the debugger prompt also shows the current thread number (rdb:2).  

7. var

v[ar] cl[ass]                   #显示当前上下文的所有类变量
v[ar] c[onst] #显示当前上下文的常数对象 v[ar] g[lobal] #显示当前上下文的全局变量 v[ar] i[nstance]#显示当前上下文的当前对象的实例变量 v[ar] l[ocal] #显示当前上下文的所有局部变量

 

这个命令相当的强大,比起breakpoint的params来说,也是经常用到的.显示当前上下文的变量参数情况.例子如下:

(rdb:2) var local  
  login => "admin"
  pwd => "letmein"
(rdb:2) var global  
  $! => nil
  $" => ["rubygems.rb", "rbconfig.rb", "rubygems/rubygems_version.rb",   
...  

8. breakpoint

b[reak] file:line [if expr] #在expr的条件下,设在文件的第几行设置断点
b[reak] class(.|#)method [if expr] #在expr成立条件下,设置断点在类的方法下

在特点条件的断点,也是很方便的地方.示例如下:

#以下代码由夜鸣猪@javaeye奉献
(rdb:1) l #list的简写,显示当前位置
   26      #breakpoint
   27      @current_item = @cart.add_product(product)  
   28      debugger  
=> 29        respond_to do |format|  
   30          format.js if request.xhr?  
   31          format.html {redirect_to_index}  
   32        end
   33    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound  
(rdb:1) where  
--> #0 StoreController.add_to_cart
       at line D:/RORWS/depot_t/app/controllers/store_controller.rb:29  
Warning: saved frames may be incomplete; compare with caller(0).  
(rdb:1) b 30 #在第30行设置断点
Breakpoint 1 file D:/RORWS/depot_t/app/controllers/store_controller.rb, line 30  
(rdb:1) c #continue的缩写,推出debug环境执行
Breakpoint 1 at store_controller.rb:30 #断点调试,中断了
D:/RORWS/depot_t/app/controllers/store_controller.rb:30  
format.js if request.xhr?  
(rdb:1) l #再看一下位置
[25, 34] in D:/RORWS/depot_t/app/controllers/store_controller.rb  
   25      product = Product.find(params[:id])  
   26      #breakpoint
   27      @current_item = @cart.add_product(product)  
   28      debugger  
   29        respond_to do |format|  
=> 30          format.js if request.xhr?  
   31          format.html {redirect_to_index}  
   32        end
   33    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound  
   34      logger.error("Attempt to access invalid product #{params[:id]}")  
(rdb:2) b 72 if params['user'] == 'admin' #在admin的条件下设置断点
Set breakpoint 1 at ./script/.../controllers/user_controller.rb:69  
To list all breakpoints use break command without parameters:  
(rdb:1) info break # 显示当前都设置了什么断点
Num Enb What  
  1 y   at store_controller.rb:30  
        breakpoint already hit 1 time  

9. continue
这个简单继续执行

(rdb:2) cont  
127.0.0.1 - - [11/07/2006:15:09 EDT] "POST /user/login HTTP/1.1" 302 96  
http://localhost:3000/bug/list -> /user/login  
127.0.0.1 - - [11/07/2006:15:12 EDT] "GET /bug/list HTTP/1.1" 200 3830  
http://localhost:3000/bug/list -> /bug/list  

10. delete

del[ete][ nnn...]       #删除指定或者所有breakpoints

11. save

save [FILE]  

将当前debugger的状态保存成为文件,保存的状态,包括所有设定breakpoints,设定, 捕获的断点.不写文件名会假定生成一个.
使用source命令,得到相关信息.
12. catch

cat[ch]          #等同与 "info catch"
cat[ch]       #拦截所指定的异常

13. backtrace

bt|backtrace            #where - display的别名
(rdb:8) backtrace  
--> #0 StoreController.add_to_cart
       at line D:/RORWS/depot_t/app/controllers/store_controller.rb:29  
#1 Kernel.send
       at line c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.2.2/lib/action_controller/base.rb:1253  
#2 ActionController::Base.perform_action_without_filters
       at line c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.2.2/lib/action_controller/base.rb:1253  
#3 ActionController::Filters::InstanceMethods.call_filters(chain#ActionController::Fil...,...)
       at line c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.2.2/lib/action_controller/filters.rb:617  

显示所有堆栈的执行信息.使用"up" and "down" 可以调试和改变在堆栈的执行.当前的位置使用-->符号表明.

14. edit
修改特定文件.如果没有任何参数,则显示当前最近修改的行.用FILE:LINENUM的格式指定修改的文件和行号.以便一即使修改

15. quit

q[uit] [unconditionally]        #从调试环境推出.
exit    #就是quit命令的别名

通常情况下,退出之前会有,确认提示. 然而,如果quit命令使用了参数"unconditionally",将不会有提示信息.

16. set
设定ruby-debug的环境,Boolean变量可以设定为on off或者1 0.设定变量可以用show显示

set annotate # 设定注释等级
set args # 设定变量列表,用来传递给运行环境
set autoeval # 在不能直接输出的表达式,进行eval计算
set autolist # 在每个breakpoint时执行list
set autoirb # 任何时候只要stop则执行irb
set autoreload # 当代码有修改的时候,从新load
set basename # 设定basename只显示文件名
set callstyle # 设定显示变量格式
set debuggertesting # 用于测试debugger自身
set forcestep # 保证'next/step'命令总是能向新行移动
set fullpath # 在frames中显示文件的完整路径名
set history # Generic command for setting command history parameters
set keep-frame-bindings # Save frame binding on each call
set linetrace+ # Set line execution tracing to show different lines
set linetrace # Set line execution tracing
set listsize # Set number of source lines to list by default
set trace # Display stack trace when 'eval' raises exception
set width # Number of characters the debugger thinks are in a line

17. info
显示相关信息

info args # Argument variables of current stack frame
info breakpoints  # 显示当前所有断点的状态
info catch # 可以被捕获的Exceptions,通过catch命令设定
info display  # 程序结束时的输出
info file # 关于读取文件的内容
info files # 关于读取文件的时间和名字等信息
info global_variables # 所有全局变量
info instance_variables # 当前frame的示例变量
info line # 当前文件的当前行有关信息
info locals # 局部变量信息
info program # 程序执行状态信息
info stack # 相关stack信息
info thread # Thread相关信息
info threads # Thread相关信息
info variables # 局部变量示例变量信息

18. show

show annotate # 显示注释级别
show args # 显示当程序要执行时的参数列表
show autoeval # 是否显示当遇到不识别命令
show autolist # 显示是否自动list的设定
show autoirb # 显示是否有设定autoirb
show autoreload # 显示是否有设定autoreload
show basename # Show if basename used in reporting files
show callstyle # Show paramater style used showing call frames
show commands # Show the history of commands you typed
show forcestep # Show if sure 'next/step' forces move to a new line
show fullpath # Show if full file names are displayed in frames
show history # Generic command for showing command history parameters
show keep-frame-bindings # Save frame binding on each call
show linetrace # 显示行执行信息
show linetrace+ # Show if consecutive lines should be different are shown in tracing
show listsize # Show number of source lines to list by default
show port # Show server port
show post-mortem # Show whether we go into post-mortem debugging on an uncaught exception
show trace # Show if a stack trace is displayed when 'eval' raises exception
show version # 显示debug版本号
show width # 显示调试信息的行字数

19. condition

Condition breakpoint-number expression  

给特定的brakepoint添加,执行条件.如果,expression为空,那么断点执行的约束,取消

20. eval

e[val] expression   #    计算表达式的值并输出
#    可以做为p别名.

* 提示 - 如果,想要设定为自动调用eval进行,表达式计算.需要设定autoeval 使用命令

use 'set autoeval'

21. reload

r[eload]        forces source code reloading  

22. ps

ps expression   #计算数组,集合,序列,表达式组的值,并序列化输出

23. undisplay

undisp[lay][ nnn]  

取消一些表达式的输出

24. irb

irb    # 打开一个(IRB) 环境

25. finish

fin[ish] [frame-number] #Execute until selected stack frame returns.