自己动手写RTP服务器——用RTP协议传输TS流
上一篇文章我们介绍了关于RTP协议的知识,那么我们现在就自己写一个简单的传输TS流媒体的RTP服务器吧。
预备知识
关于TS流的格式:TS流封装的具体格式请参考文档ISO/IEC 13818-1。这里我们只需要了解一些简单的信息就好。首先TS流是有许多的TS Packet组成的,每个TS Packet的长度固定为188 bytes,每个packet都是以sync_byte:0x47开头。
MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit): 最大传输单元。是指一种通信协议的某一层上面所能通过的最大数据包大小(以字节为单位)。最大传输单元这个参数通常与通信接口有关(网络接口卡、串口等)。例如:以太网无法接收大于1500 字节的数据包。
参考代码
下面我会把自己写的简单的代码贴出来,并且一步步地说明。
新建main.c文件,内容如下:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #define TS_PACKET_SIZE 188
- #define MTU 1500
- struct rtp_header{
- unsigned char cc:4;
- unsigned char x:1;
- unsigned char p:1;
- unsigned char v:2;
- unsigned char pt:7;
- unsigned char m:1;
- unsigned short sequence_number;
- unsigned int timestamp;
- unsigned int ssrc;
- };
- void init_rtp_header(struct rtp_header *h){
- h->v = 2;
- h->p = 0;
- h->x = 0;
- h->cc = 0;
- h->m = 0;
- h->pt = 33;
- h->sequence_number = 123;
- h->timestamp = 123;
- h->ssrc = 123;
- }
需要注意的是:
你会发现这里定义RTP Header的时候,上一篇讲到的具体顺序不同。原因是本机和网络字节流的顺序相反,如果按照v p x cc的顺序来定义一个byte,在这个byte内部v p x cc就会按照从低位到高位的顺序放置;而在RTP流中,应该是顺序从高位到低位放置的。所以每个byte我都把顺序做了倒置。
初始化RTP Header的函数的初始化值的意义请参考rfc3550。为了实现简单,其中的sequence_number、timestamp、ssrc,都是随意填写的。在发送包的时候需要将sequence_number递增。
- void sequence_number_increase(struct rtp_header *header){
- unsigned short sequence = ntohs(header->sequence_number);
- sequence++;
- header->sequence_number = htons(sequence);
- }
- int main(){
- // RTP Packet we will send
- char buf[MTU];
- unsigned int count = 0;
- // Init RTP Header
- init_rtp_header((struct rtp_header*)buf);
- count = sizeof(struct rtp_header);
- // Init socket
- int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
- struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
- dest_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
- dest_addr.sin_port = htons(6666);
- dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
- bzero(&(dest_addr.sin_zero),8);
- // Open TS file
- FILE *ts_file = fopen("/home/baby/Videos/480p.ts", "r+");
- while(!feof(ts_file)){
- int read_len = fread(buf+count, 1, TS_PACKET_SIZE, ts_file);
- if(*(buf+count) != 0x47){
- fprintf(stderr, "Bad sync header!\n");
- continue;
- }
- count += read_len;
- if (count + TS_PACKET_SIZE > MTU){// We should send
- sequence_number_increase((struct rtp_header*)buf);
- sendto(sock, buf, count, 0, (const struct sockaddr*)&dest_addr, sizeof(dest_addr));
- count = sizeof(struct rtp_header);
- usleep(10000);
- }
- }
- fclose(ts_file);
测试
短短几十行代码是否就能完成一个RTP服务器?我们需要用实验来验证。
我的测试环境是Linux,用gcc编译通过,使用VLC(MPlayer 测试也可以通过了)作为接收端。
首先启动我们的发送端程序,然后再执行“vlc rtp://127.0.0.1:6666”,等待几秒后,发现真的可以进行播放啦!
http://blog.csdn.net/baby313/article/details/7363528
1. H264视频的RTP封包
- static int h264_parse(Track *tr, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
- {
- h264_priv *priv = tr->private_data;
- // double nal_time; // see page 9 and 7.4.1.2
- size_t nalsize = 0, index = 0;
- uint8_t *p, *q;
- if (priv->is_avc) {
- while (1) {
- unsigned int i;
- if(index >= len) break;
- //get the nal size
- nalsize = 0;
- for(i = 0; i < priv->nal_length_size; i++)
- nalsize = (nalsize << 8) | data[index++];
- if(nalsize <= 1 || nalsize > len) {
- if(nalsize == 1) {
- index++;
- continue;
- } else {
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] AVC: nal size %d", nalsize);
- break;
- }
- }
- if (DEFAULT_MTU >= nalsize) {
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- data + index, nalsize);
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] single NAL");
- } else {
- // single NAL, to be fragmented, FU-A;
- frag_fu_a(data + index, nalsize, DEFAULT_MTU, tr);
- }
- index += nalsize;
- }
- } else {
- //seek to the first startcode
- for (p = data; p<data + len - 3; p++) {
- if (p[0] == 0 && p[1] == 0 && p[2] == 1) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (p >= data + len) return ERR_PARSE;
- while (1) {
- //seek to the next startcode [0 0 1]
- for (q = p; q<data+len-3;q++) {
- if (q[0] == 0 && q[1] == 0 && q[2] == 1) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (q >= data + len) break;
- if (DEFAULT_MTU >= q - p) {
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] Sending NAL %d",p[0]&0x1f);
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- p, q - p);
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] single NAL");
- } else {
- //FU-A
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] frags");
- frag_fu_a(p, q - p, DEFAULT_MTU, tr);
- }
- p = q;
- }
- // last NAL
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] last NAL %d",p[0]&0x1f);
- if (DEFAULT_MTU >= len - (p - data)) {
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] no frags");
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- p, len - (p - data));
- } else {
- //FU-A
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] frags");
- frag_fu_a(p, len - (p - data), DEFAULT_MTU, tr);
- }
- }
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] Frame completed");
- return ERR_NOERROR;
- }
- static int h264_parse(Track *tr, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
- {
- h264_priv *priv = tr->private_data;
- // double nal_time; // see page 9 and 7.4.1.2
- size_t nalsize = 0, index = 0;
- uint8_t *p, *q;
- if (priv->is_avc) {
- while (1) {
- unsigned int i;
- if(index >= len) break;
- //get the nal size
- nalsize = 0;
- for(i = 0; i < priv->nal_length_size; i++)
- nalsize = (nalsize << 8) | data[index++];
- if(nalsize <= 1 || nalsize > len) {
- if(nalsize == 1) {
- index++;
- continue;
- } else {
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] AVC: nal size %d", nalsize);
- break;
- }
- }
- if (DEFAULT_MTU >= nalsize) {
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- data + index, nalsize);
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] single NAL");
- } else {
- // single NAL, to be fragmented, FU-A;
- frag_fu_a(data + index, nalsize, DEFAULT_MTU, tr);
- }
- index += nalsize;
- }
- } else {
- //seek to the first startcode
- for (p = data; p<data + len - 3; p++) {
- if (p[0] == 0 && p[1] == 0 && p[2] == 1) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (p >= data + len) return ERR_PARSE;
- while (1) {
- //seek to the next startcode [0 0 1]
- for (q = p; q<data+len-3;q++) {
- if (q[0] == 0 && q[1] == 0 && q[2] == 1) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (q >= data + len) break;
- if (DEFAULT_MTU >= q - p) {
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] Sending NAL %d",p[0]&0x1f);
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- p, q - p);
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] single NAL");
- } else {
- //FU-A
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] frags");
- frag_fu_a(p, q - p, DEFAULT_MTU, tr);
- }
- p = q;
- }
- // last NAL
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] last NAL %d",p[0]&0x1f);
- if (DEFAULT_MTU >= len - (p - data)) {
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] no frags");
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- p, len - (p - data));
- } else {
- //FU-A
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] frags");
- frag_fu_a(p, len - (p - data), DEFAULT_MTU, tr);
- }
- }
- fnc_log(FNC_LOG_VERBOSE, "[h264] Frame completed");
- return ERR_NOERROR;
- }
2. AAC的RTP封包
- static int aac_parse(Track *tr, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
- {
- //XXX handle the last packet on EOF
- int off = 0;
- uint32_t payload = DEFAULT_MTU - AU_HEADER_SIZE;
- uint8_t *packet = g_malloc0(DEFAULT_MTU);
- if(!packet) return ERR_ALLOC;
- // trim away extradata
- // data += AAC_EXTRA;
- // len -= AAC_EXTRA;
- packet[0] = 0x00;
- packet[1] = 0x10;
- packet[2] = (len & 0x1fe0) >> 5;
- packet[3] = (len & 0x1f) << 3;
- if (len > payload) {
- while (len > payload) {
- memcpy(packet + AU_HEADER_SIZE, data + off, payload);
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 0,
- packet, DEFAULT_MTU);
- len -= payload;
- off += payload;
- }
- }
- memcpy(packet + AU_HEADER_SIZE, data + off, len);
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- packet, len + AU_HEADER_SIZE);
- g_free(packet);
- return ERR_NOERROR;
- }
- static int aac_parse(Track *tr, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
- {
- //XXX handle the last packet on EOF
- int off = 0;
- uint32_t payload = DEFAULT_MTU - AU_HEADER_SIZE;
- uint8_t *packet = g_malloc0(DEFAULT_MTU);
- if(!packet) return ERR_ALLOC;
- // trim away extradata
- // data += AAC_EXTRA;
- // len -= AAC_EXTRA;
- packet[0] = 0x00;
- packet[1] = 0x10;
- packet[2] = (len & 0x1fe0) >> 5;
- packet[3] = (len & 0x1f) << 3;
- if (len > payload) {
- while (len > payload) {
- memcpy(packet + AU_HEADER_SIZE, data + off, payload);
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 0,
- packet, DEFAULT_MTU);
- len -= payload;
- off += payload;
- }
- }
- memcpy(packet + AU_HEADER_SIZE, data + off, len);
- mparser_buffer_write(tr,
- tr->properties.pts,
- tr->properties.dts,
- tr->properties.frame_duration,
- 1,
- packet, len + AU_HEADER_SIZE);
- g_free(packet);
- return ERR_NOERROR;
- }
上面的变量 AU_HEADER_SIZE=4
/* au header
+---------------------------------------+
| AU-size |
+---------------------------------------+
| AU-Index / AU-Index-delta |
+---------------------------------------+
| CTS-flag |
+---------------------------------------+
| CTS-delta |
+---------------------------------------+
| DTS-flag |
+---------------------------------------+
| DTS-delta |
+---------------------------------------+
| RAP-flag |
+---------------------------------------+
| Stream-state |
+---------------------------------------+
*/
http://blog.csdn.net/alangdangjia/article/details/8755608