Redis单线程为什么这么快

1、完全基于内存，绝大部分请求是纯粹的内存操作，非常快速。数据存在内存中，类似于HashMap，HashMap的优势就是查找和操作的时间复杂度都是O(1)；

2、数据结构简单，对数据操作也简单，Redis中的数据结构是专门进行设计的；

3、采用单线程，避免了不必要的上下文切换和竞争条件，也不存在多进程或者多线程导致的切换而消耗 CPU，不用去考虑各种锁的问题，不存在加锁释放锁操作，没有因为可能出现死锁而导致的性能消耗；

4、使用多路I/O复用模型，非阻塞IO；

5、使用底层模型不同，它们之间底层实现方式以及与客户端之间通信的应用协议不一样，Redis直接自己构建了VM 机制 ，因为一般的系统调用系统函数的话，会浪费一定的时间去移动和请求；

6、官方FAQ因为Redis是基于内存的操作，CPU不是Redis的瓶颈，Redis的瓶颈最有可能是机器内存的大小或者网络带宽。

摘自redis官网FAQ:
https://redis.io/topics/faq#redis-is-single-threaded-how-can-i-exploit-multiple-cpu–cores

Redis is single threaded. How can I exploit multiple CPU / cores?
It’s not very frequent that CPU becomes your bottleneck with Redis, as usually Redis is either memory or network bound. For instance, using pipelining Redis running on an average Linux system can deliver even 1 million requests per second, so if your application mainly uses O(N) or O(log(N)) commands, it is hardly going to use too much CPU.

However, to maximize CPU usage you can start multiple instances of Redis in the same box and treat them as different servers. At some point a single box may not be enough anyway, so if you want to use multiple CPUs you can start thinking of some way to shard earlier.

You can find more information about using multiple Redis instances in the Partitioning page.

However with Redis 4.0 we started to make Redis more threaded. For now this is limited to deleting objects in the background, and to blocking commands implemented via Redis modules. For future releases, the plan is to make Redis more and more threaded.