Antenna Placement
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
Total Submissions: 9146 | Accepted: 4518 |
Description
The Global Aerial Research Centre has been allotted the task of building the fifth generation of mobile phone nets in Sweden. The most striking reason why they got the job, is their discovery of a new, highly noise resistant, antenna. It is called 4DAir, and comes in four types. Each type can only transmit and receive signals in a direction aligned with a (slightly skewed) latitudinal and longitudinal grid, because of the interacting electromagnetic field of the earth. The four types correspond to antennas operating in the directions north, west, south, and east, respectively. Below is an example picture of places of interest, depicted by twelve small rings, and nine 4DAir antennas depicted by ellipses covering them.
Obviously, it is desirable to use as few antennas as possible, but still provide coverage for each place of interest. We model the problem as follows: Let A be a rectangular matrix describing the surface of Sweden, where an entry of A either is a point of interest, which must be covered by at least one antenna, or empty space. Antennas can only be positioned at an entry in A. When an antenna is placed at row r and column c, this entry is considered covered, but also one of the neighbouring entries (c+1,r),(c,r+1),(c-1,r), or (c,r-1), is covered depending on the type chosen for this particular antenna. What is the least number of antennas for which there exists a placement in A such that all points of interest are covered?
Obviously, it is desirable to use as few antennas as possible, but still provide coverage for each place of interest. We model the problem as follows: Let A be a rectangular matrix describing the surface of Sweden, where an entry of A either is a point of interest, which must be covered by at least one antenna, or empty space. Antennas can only be positioned at an entry in A. When an antenna is placed at row r and column c, this entry is considered covered, but also one of the neighbouring entries (c+1,r),(c,r+1),(c-1,r), or (c,r-1), is covered depending on the type chosen for this particular antenna. What is the least number of antennas for which there exists a placement in A such that all points of interest are covered?
Input
On the first row of input is a single positive integer n, specifying the number of scenarios that follow. Each scenario begins with a row containing two positive integers h and w, with 1 <= h <= 40 and 0 < w <= 10. Thereafter is a matrix presented, describing the points of interest in Sweden in the form of h lines, each containing w characters from the set ['*','o']. A '*'-character symbolises a point of interest, whereas a 'o'-character represents open space.
Output
For each scenario, output the minimum number of antennas necessary to cover all '*'-entries in the scenario's matrix, on a row of its own.
Sample Input
2
7 9
ooo**oooo
**oo*ooo*
o*oo**o**
ooooooooo
*******oo
o*o*oo*oo
*******oo
10 1
*
*
*
o
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sample Output
17
5
Source
Svenskt Mästerskap i Programmering/Norgesmesterskapet 2001
对于这个二分图的匹配问题,就没有POJ3041那个题裸了,它的关键在于建图,可以将所有的*的位置标记下来并编号。
具体建法看代码中的MakeMap()(建图函数)
第二个步骤就是读边,就是把所有相邻的非0点看成一条边,两两相邻哦->ReadMap();
最后就是用匈牙利算法求出最大的匹配情况,
由于:
V U
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
. .
. .
. .
N N
即
1 -- > 2 必有 2 -- > 1
v -- > u 必有 u -- > v
所以最后要注意Match/2;
cnt数减去Match/2就是我们所要求的最少基站数啦!
C++ 源码如下
对于这个二分图的匹配问题,就没有POJ3041那个题裸了,它的关键在于建图,可以将所有的*的位置标记下来并编号。
具体建法看代码中的MakeMap()(建图函数)
第二个步骤就是读边,就是把所有相邻的非0点看成一条边,两两相邻哦->ReadMap();
最后就是用匈牙利算法求出最大的匹配情况,
由于:
V U
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
. .
. .
. .
N N
即
1 -- > 2 必有 2 -- > 1
v -- > u 必有 u -- > v
所以最后要注意Match/2;
cnt数减去Match/2就是我们所要求的最少基站数啦!
C++ 源码如下
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int Map[50][20],e[500][500],vist[500],match[500];
int di[4] = {-1,1,0,0};
int dj[4] = {0,0,-1,1};
int h,w,Match,cnt;
bool Find(int x)
{
for(int j = 1; j <= cnt; j++)
{
if(e[x][j] && !vist[j])
{
vist[j] = 1;
if(match[j] == 0 || Find(match[j]))
{
match[j] = x;
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
void MakeMap()
{
char str[20];
for(int i = 0; i < h; i++)
{
scanf("%s",str);
for(int j = 0; j < w; j++)
if(str[j] == '*')
Map[i][j] = ++cnt;
}
}
void ReadMap()
{
for(int i = 0; i < h; i++)
for(int j = 0; j < w; j++)
if(Map[i][j])
for(int k = 0; k < 4; k++)
{
int I = i + di[k];
int J = j + dj[k];
if(I>=0 && I<h && J>=0 && J<w && Map[I][J])
e[Map[i][j]][Map[I][J]] = 1;
}
}
int main()
{
int test;
scanf("%d",&test);
while(test--)
{
memset(Map,0,sizeof(Map));
memset(e,0,sizeof(e));
memset(match,0,sizeof(match));
scanf("%d %d",&h,&w);
cnt = 0;
MakeMap();
ReadMap();
Match = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++)
{
memset(vist,0,sizeof(vist));
if(Find(i))
Match++;
}
printf("%d\n",cnt-Match/2);
}
return 0;
}