HashMap源码分析

简介

HashMap的key,value都可以为null;是由数组+链表实现的;无序的,线程不安全;HashMap对于手机端而言,对内存的占用比较大;某些情况下,可以用ArrayMap,SparseMap替代;

插入操作put(),putAll()

put()方法
key是唯一的,同一个key只能存在一个,再次put()会改变原来的值;

 public V put(K key, V value) {
    return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}

putVal 方法主要做几件事,1)tab为null,调用resize()方法,确定容量,并创建数组;2)根据n-1 & hash 获取的值作为index,如果数组中index对应的值为null,直接将该节点存入数组中;3)数组中存在当前index对应的节点,判断是否存在key对应的节点;4)存在key对应的节点,返回oldValue,否则返回null;

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
               boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
	//1 确定容量,并创建数组;
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
	//2 根据n-1 & hash 获取的值作为index,如果数组中index对应的值为null,直接将该节点存入数组中;
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
		//不同的类,调用各自的newNode()方法;
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
	//3:数组中存在当前index对应的节点
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
		//3.1 index对应的节点的key和当前key相同
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            e = p;
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
		//3.2 不相同的话,遍历单链表,如果链表中存在节点的key和当前的key相等,返回对应的节点;不存在,在单链表插入一个新节点;
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
				//单链表中不存在当前key对应的节点
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
					//3.3 优化查询效率,避免效率低下;
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
				// 判断节点e的key和当前key是否相同
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
		//4:存在key对应的节点,改变其的值
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
	//空方法,具体是实现在LinkedHashMap
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

resize()方法,主要做两件事:1)如果oldCap = 0,则确定新的长度;否则将长度增加两倍;创建新的数组;2)原数组不为null时,将原数组中的元素,拷贝到新数组中,并将新数组返回;

final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
    ....
	//1)如果oldCap = 0,则确定新的长度;否则将长度增加两倍;创建新的数组
	.....
	//2:原数组不为null时,将原数组中的元素,拷贝到新数组中;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
				//如果当前index只对应一个元素,直接将其存入数组中;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
				//如果是TreeNode类型的
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
				//如果是链表性,将链表的头结点,存入数组中;并且在可能的情况下,将长链表一分为二
                else { // preserve order
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}

再看下 treeifyBin()方法;1)如果当前tab数组太小,调用reset()扩容,并且可能的话减短单链表的长度,避免查询的时候,效率低下;2)先将单链表转换为双向链表,最后转换为红黑树结构;

 final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
    int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
	//当table的length不满足一定大小时;
    if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
        resize();
	//找到当前hash值对应的index的节点;
    else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
		//do while将单链表转为双向链表;hd是header,t1是tail;
        do {
            TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);
            if (tl == null)
                hd = p;
            else {
                p.prev = tl;
                tl.next = p;
            }
            tl = p;
        } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
			//转换成红黑树
            hd.treeify(tab);
    }
}

replacementTreeNode()方法,将Node节点转换为TreeNode节点,TreeNode是用链表实现的树结构(红黑树);

 TreeNode<K,V> replacementTreeNode(Node<K,V> p, Node<K,V> next) {
    return new TreeNode<>(p.hash, p.key, p.value, next);
}

看下TreeNode类,

 static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.LinkedHashMapEntry<K,V> {
    TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links
    TreeNode<K,V> left;
    TreeNode<K,V> right;
    TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion
    boolean red;
    TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
        super(hash, key, val, next);
    }

treeify():

final void treeify(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
        TreeNode<K,V> root = null;
		//this代表调用对象hd;从链表头往后遍历链表,将结构改为红黑树;主要操作时节点的插入;
        for (TreeNode<K,V> x = this, next; x != null; x = next) {
            next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
            x.left = x.right = null;
            if (root == null) {
                x.parent = null;
                x.red = false;
				//将表头x赋值给root;
                root = x;
            }
			//从treeifyBin方法可以知道,hash都相等;
            else {
                K k = x.key;
                int h = x.hash;
                Class<?> kc = null;
				//从根节点遍历树
                for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
                    int dir, ph;
                    K pk = p.key;
                    if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
                        dir = -1;
                    else if (ph < h)
                        dir = 1;
                    else if ((kc == null &&
                              (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
                             (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
                        dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);

                    TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
                    if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
                        x.parent = xp;
                        if (dir <= 0)
                            xp.left = x;
                        else
                            xp.right = x;
                        root = balanceInsertion(root, x);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        moveRootToFront(tab, root);
    }

再看下moveRootToFront()方法,确保树的根节点是table对应index的值;

static <K,V> void moveRootToFront(Node<K,V>[] tab, TreeNode<K,V> root) {
        int n;
        if (root != null && tab != null && (n = tab.length) > 0) {
            int index = (n - 1) & root.hash;
            TreeNode<K,V> first = (TreeNode<K,V>)tab[index];
            if (root != first) {
                Node<K,V> rn;
                tab[index] = root;
                TreeNode<K,V> rp = root.prev;
                if ((rn = root.next) != null)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)rn).prev = rp;
                if (rp != null)
                    rp.next = rn;
                if (first != null)
                    first.prev = root;
                root.next = first;
                root.prev = null;
            }
            assert checkInvariants(root);
        }
    }

最后看下 split():可能的话,分割链表;提高查询效率;

final void split(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int bit) {
        TreeNode<K,V> b = this;
        // Relink into lo and hi lists, preserving order
        TreeNode<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
        TreeNode<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
        int lc = 0, hc = 0;
		//遍历链表,可能的话讲链表转换为两个双向链表;
        for (TreeNode<K,V> e = b, next; e != null; e = next) {
            next = (TreeNode<K,V>)e.next;
            e.next = null;
			//满足条件,转换为一个新链表
            if ((e.hash & bit) == 0) {
                if ((e.prev = loTail) == null)
                    loHead = e;
                else
                    loTail.next = e;
                loTail = e;
                ++lc;
            }
			//否则为另一个链表;
            else {
                if ((e.prev = hiTail) == null)
                    hiHead = e;
                else
                    hiTail.next = e;
                hiTail = e;
                ++hc;
            }
        }

        if (loHead != null) {
			//链表长度小于7;返回一个单链表;并将头结点放入table数组对应的index位置
            if (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                tab[index] = loHead.untreeify(map);
			//否则返回一个二叉树,并将头结点放入table数组对应的index位置;
            else {
                tab[index] = loHead;
                if (hiHead != null) // (else is already treeified)
                    loHead.treeify(tab);
            }
        }
        if (hiHead != null) {
            if (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
                tab[index + bit] = hiHead.untreeify(map);
            else {
                tab[index + bit] = hiHead;
                if (loHead != null)
                    hiHead.treeify(tab);
            }
        }
    }

untreeify()方法,返回一个单链表,非树结构

final Node<K,V> untreeify(HashMap<K,V> map) {
        Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
        for (Node<K,V> q = this; q != null; q = q.next) {
            Node<K,V> p = map.replacementNode(q, null);
            if (tl == null)
                hd = p;
            else
                tl.next = p;
            tl = p;
        }
        return hd;
    }

putAll() 插入一个Map,具体操作和put()方法基本一致;

 public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
    putMapEntries(m, true);
}

final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
    int s = m.size();
    if (s > 0) {
		//数组table为null,设置容量等;不为nul,确定是否需要扩容;
        if (table == null) { // pre-size
            float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;
            int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
                     (int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
            if (t > threshold)
                threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
        }
        else if (s > threshold)
            resize();

		//遍历,挨个插入;
        for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
            K key = e.getKey();
            V value = e.getValue();
            putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);
        }
    }
}

到此,put()方法分析完了;接下来看下get()方法;

get()方法

存在当前的key对应的节点,返回对一个的值,否则返回null;

public V get(Object key) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}

执行getNode()方法获取当前key对应的节点,主要分为以下几种情况:
1)table 为空或者table中对应index的元素为null;
2) table 中存在对应index的元素;

 final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
	//table数组不为空,并且对应下标(由(n - 1) & hash得到)的元素不为null;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
		//index对应的元素的key和当前的key相同
        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            return first;
		//是否还存在下一个节点
        if ((e = first.next) != null) {
			//如果是树节点实例
            if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
			//遍历index对应的单链表,找到对应节点
            do {
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    return e;
            } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

看下getTreeNode()方法,数的遍历,找到对应的节点;

 final TreeNode<K,V> getTreeNode(int h, Object k) {
        return ((parent != null) ? root() : this).find(h, k, null);
    }
replace():

主要还是调用getNode()方法根据key找到对应节点e,如果e不为null,重新赋值value;否则返回null;

@Override
public V replace(K key, V value) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null) {
        V oldValue = e.value;
        e.value = value;
        afterNodeAccess(e);
        return oldValue;
    }
    return null;
}
remove()

如果存在key对应的节点,返回该节点对应的value,否则返回null;

public V remove(Object key) {
    Node<K,V> e;
    return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ?
        null : e.value;
}

removeNode():如果存在key对应的节点,返回该节点,否则返回null;

final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
                           boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
	//先决条件判断,table不为空,length大于0;并且由key对应hash按照规则得到的index对应节点p不为null;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
		//判断p节点是否为目标节点
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            node = p;
		//不是的话,判断p.nex是否为null;
        else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
			//如果是TreeNode实例,遍历红黑树
            if (p instanceof TreeNode)
                node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
			//循环单链表,如果存在,找到对应的节点;
            else {
                do {
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key ||
                         (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
                        node = e;
                        break;
                    }
                    p = e;
                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
            }
        }
		//如果存在
        if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
                             (value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
			//从红黑树中删除该节点;
            if (node instanceof TreeNode)
                ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
			//如果是数组index对应的节点,将该index对应节点置为null;
            else if (node == p)
                tab[index] = node.next;
			//将p节点的next指向node节点的下一个节点(无论是否存在)
            else
                p.next = node.next;
            ++modCount;
            --size;
			//空方法,由子类具体实现;
            afterNodeRemoval(node);
            return node;
        }
    }
    return null;
}
比较

HashMap的key,value都可以为null,线程不安全,是由数组+链表实现的;无序的;

HashTable用法基本和HashMap一致,
不同点:HashTable线程安全;value不可以为null;put()方法table中对应index不为null,将元素插在单链表链头,和HashMap不同;

ConcurrentHashMap用法基本和HashMap一致,也是线程安全的,比Hashtable效率高;ConcurrentHashMap将数据分为多个segment,默认16个(concurrency level),然后每次操作对一个segment加锁,避免多线程锁得几率,提高并发效率。

总结

put():效率比较低,1)要扩容,重新插入原来的元素;2)table中对应index不为null,将元素插在单链表链尾;

get(),remove(),replace():效率比较高;hash(key)&(length-1)得到数组table的index,判断index对应的节点是否需要找的;不是的话,然后就根据单链表,遍历循环找到key对应的节点,在进行相关的操作;

如有问题,请多指教,谢谢!

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