一对一、一对多、多对多(实操)

前言:为了方便起见,一对一和一对多用相同的数据库表

理解:(以下面的数据库表为例子)

  1. 一对一:相当于一个学生对应一个老师
  2. 一对多:相当于一个老师对应多个学生(也可以使用一个学生对应多个老师)
  3. 多对多:相当于多个老师对应多个学生(也就是一个老师对应多个学生,一个学生对应多个老师的合并)

1.一对一

  1. 先建立对应的数据库表

    /*创建student表 */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
    /*设置student表的字段 */
    CREATE TABLE `student` (
      `id` int(10) NOT NULL,
      `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
      `tid` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
      CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    /*往student表中插入一些数据 */
    insert  into `student`(`id`,`name`,`tid`) values (1,'小明',1),(2,'小红',1),(3,'小张',1),(4,'小李',1),(5,'小王',1),(6,'小黄',2),(7,'小吕',2),(8,'小绿',2),(9,'小蓝',2),(10,'小兰',2),(11,'小天',3),(12,'小田',3),(13,'小花',3),(14,'小华',3),(15,'小宗',3),(16,'小芬',4),(17,'小分',4),(18,'小亲',4),(19,'小琴',4),(20,'小新',4);
    /*创建teacher表 */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
    /*设置teacher表的字段 */
    CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
      `id` int(10) NOT NULL,
      `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    /*往teacher表中插入一些数据 */
    insert  into `teacher`(`id`,`name`) values (1,'秦老师'),(2,'黄老师'),(3,'蔡老师'),(4,'马老师');
    
    
    
  2. 创建实体类

    创建Student实体类

    package com.bjpowernode.ba01.pojo;
    
    public class Student {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private Teacher teacher;
    
        public Student(Integer id, String name, Teacher teacher) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
    
        public Student() {
        }
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Teacher getTeacher() {
            return teacher;
        }
    
        public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
            this.teacher = teacher;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", teacher=" + teacher +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    

    创建Teacher实体类

    package com.bjpowernode.ba01.pojo;
    
    public class Teacher {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
    
        public Teacher(Integer id, String name) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Teacher() {
        }
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Teacher{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  3. 写接口

    package com.bjpowernode.ba01.dao;
    
    import com.bjpowernode.ba01.pojo.Student;
    
    public interface StudentDao {
    
        public Student getstuandteaById(Integer id);
    }
    
    
  4. 写接口的配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.ba01.dao.StudentDao">
        <!-- 定义结果集,column表示sql查询列,property表示映射到实体的属性 -->
    <resultMap id="mystu" type="com.bjpowernode.ba01.pojo.Student">
        <id  property="sid"  column="id"/>
        <result property="sname" column="name"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="com.bjpowernode.ba01.pojo.Teacher">
            <id property="tid" column="id" />
            <result property="tname" column="name"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>
        <select id="getstuandteaById" resultMap="mystu">
            select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.id tid,t.name tname
            from student s,teacher t
            where s.tid=t.id and s.id=#{id}
        </select>
    </mapper>
    
    
  5. 在主配置文件添加配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        <settings>
            <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
        </settings>
        <environments default="mydev">
            <environment id="mydev">
                <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
                <dataSource type="POOLED">
                    <!--数据库的驱动类名-->
                    <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                    <!--连接数据库的url字符串-->
                    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/task?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
                    <!--访问数据库的用户名-->
                    <property name="username" value="root"/>
                    <!--密码-->
                    <property name="password" value="123456"/>
                </dataSource>
            </environment>
    
        </environments>
    
        <mappers>
    <!--        <mapper resource="com/bjpowernode/dao/StudentDao.xml"/>-->
            <package name="com.bjpowernode.ba01"/>
        </mappers>
    </configuration>
    
    
  6. 编写测试类

    package com.bjpowernode;
    
    import com.bjpowernode.ba01.dao.StudentDao;
    import com.bjpowernode.ba01.pojo.Student;
    import com.bjpowernode.utils.MyBatisUtils;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    public class MyTest1 {
        @Test
        public void test01(){
            SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            StudentDao mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentDao.class);
            Student student = mapper.getstuandteaById(2);
            System.out.println(student);
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
  7. 测试结果

Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@61322f9d]
==>  Preparing: select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.id tid,t.name tname from
student s,teacher t where s.tid=t.id and s.id=? 
==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
<==    Columns: sid, sname, tid, tname
<==        Row: 2, 小红, 1, 秦老师
<==      Total: 1
Student{id=2, name='小红', teacher=Teacher{id=1, name='秦老师'}}
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@61322f9d]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@61322f9d]
Returned connection 1630678941 to pool.

2.一对多

  1. 先建立对应的数据库表**(使用一对一的数据库表)**

  2. 创建实体类

    创建Student实体类

    package com.bjpowernode.ba02.pojo;
    
    public class Student {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private Integer tid;
    
        public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer tid) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.tid = tid;
        }
    
        public Student() {
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", tid=" + tid +
                    '}';
        }
    
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public Integer getTid() {
            return tid;
        }
    
        public void setTid(Integer tid) {
            this.tid = tid;
        }
    }
    
    

    创建Teacher实体类

    package com.bjpowernode.ba02.pojo;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class Teacher {
        private Integer id;
        private String name;
        private List<Student> student;
    
        public Integer getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public List<Student> getStudent() {
            return student;
        }
    
        public void setStudent(List<Student> student) {
            this.student = student;
        }
    
    
        public Teacher() {
        }
    
        public Teacher(Integer id, String name, List<Student> student) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.student = student;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Teacher{" +
                    "id=" + id +
                    ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", student=" + student +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  3. 写接口

    package com.bjpowernode.ba02.dao;
    
    import com.bjpowernode.ba02.pojo.Teacher;
    
    public interface TeacherDao {
       Teacher getteastu(Integer id);
    }
    
    
  4. 写接口的配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.ba02.dao.TeacherDao">
        <resultMap id="mytea" type="com.bjpowernode.ba02.pojo.Teacher">
            <id column="tid" property="id"/>
            <result column="tname" property="name"/>
            <collection property="student"  ofType="com.bjpowernode.ba02.pojo.Student">
                <result column="sid" property="id"/>
                <result column="sname" property="name"/>
                <result column="stid" property="tid"/>
            </collection>
        </resultMap>
    <select id="getteastu" resultMap="mytea">
        select t.id tid,t.name tname,s.id sid,s.name sname,s.tid stid
        from teacher t,student s
        where t.id=s.tid and t.id=#{id}
    </select>
    
    </mapper>
    
    
  5. 在主配置文件添加配置文件

       <!--        其余部分与一对一的主配置文件一样--> 
    <mappers>
    <!--        <mapper resource="com/bjpowernode/dao/StudentDao.xml"/>-->
            <package name="com.bjpowernode.ba02"/>
     </mappers>
    
  6. 编写测试类

    package com.bjpowernode;
    
    import com.bjpowernode.ba02.dao.TeacherDao;
    import com.bjpowernode.ba02.pojo.Teacher;
    import com.bjpowernode.utils.MyBatisUtils;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    public class MyTest2 {
        @Test
        public void test01(){
            SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            TeacherDao mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherDao.class);
            Teacher getteastu = mapper.getteastu(1);
            System.out.println(getteastu);
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
    

    7.测试结果

    Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@61322f9d]
    ==>  Preparing: select t.id tid,t.name tname,s.id sid,s.name sname,s.tid stid from teacher t,student s where t.id=s.tid and t.id=? 
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <==    Columns: tid, tname, sid, sname, stid
    <==        Row: 1, 秦老师, 1, 小明, 1
    <==        Row: 1, 秦老师, 2, 小红, 1
    <==        Row: 1, 秦老师, 3, 小张, 1
    <==        Row: 1, 秦老师, 4, 小李, 1
    <==        Row: 1, 秦老师, 5, 小王, 1
    <==      Total: 5
    Teacher{id=1, name='秦老师', student=[Student{id=1, name='小明', tid=1}, Student{id=2, name='小红', tid=1}, Student{id=3, name='小张', tid=1}, Student{id=4, name='小李', tid=1}, Student{id=5, name='小王', tid=1}]}
    Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@61322f9d]
    Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@61322f9d]
    Returned connection 1630678941 to pool.
    

3.多对多

  1. 先建立对应的数据库表

    
    /*创建stu表 */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu`;
    
    /*设置stu表的字段 */
    CREATE TABLE `stu` (
      `sid` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `sname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`sid`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    /*往stu表中插入数据 */
    
    insert  into `stu`(`sid`,`sname`) values (1,'张三'),(2,'李四'),(3,'王五'),(4,'赵六'),(5,'力力'),(6,'缓缓'),(7,'拍拍');
    
    /*创建stu_tea表 */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu_tea`;
    
    /*设置 stu_tea表的字段*/
    
    CREATE TABLE `stu_tea` (
      `s_id` int(10) NOT NULL,
      `t_id` int(10) NOT NULL,
      KEY `s_id` (`s_id`),
      KEY `t_id` (`t_id`),
      CONSTRAINT `stu_tea_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`s_id`) REFERENCES `stu` (`sid`),
      CONSTRAINT `stu_tea_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`t_id`) REFERENCES `tea` (`tid`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    
    /*往stu_tea表中插入数据 */
    insert  into `stu_tea`(`s_id`,`t_id`) values (1,1),(2,2),(3,1),(4,2),(5,3),(6,3),(4,1),(3,3),(2,1);
    
    /*创建tea表 */
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tea`;
    
    /*设置tea表的字段 */
    CREATE TABLE `tea` (
      `tid` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `tname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`tid`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    
    /*往tea表中插入数据 */
    insert  into `tea`(`tid`,`tname`) values (1,'李老师'),(2,'王老师'),(3,'张老师');
    
    
    
  2. 创建实体类

    创建stu实体类

    package com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class Stu {
        private Integer sid;
        private String sname;
        private List<Tea> teas;
    
        public Stu() {
        }
    
        public Stu(Integer sid, String sname, List<Tea> teas) {
            this.sid = sid;
            this.sname = sname;
            this.teas = teas;
        }
    
        public Integer getSid() {
            return sid;
        }
    
        public void setSid(Integer sid) {
            this.sid = sid;
        }
    
        public String getSname() {
            return sname;
        }
    
        public void setSname(String sname) {
            this.sname = sname;
        }
    
        public List<Tea> getTeas() {
            return teas;
        }
    
        public void setTeas(List<Tea> teas) {
            this.teas = teas;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Stu{" +
                    "sid=" + sid +
                    ", sname='" + sname + '\'' +
                    ", teas=" + teas +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    

    创建tea实体类

    package com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo;
    
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    public class Tea {
        private Integer tid;
        private String tname;
    
        public Tea() {
        }
    
    
        public Tea(Integer tid, String tname) {
            this.tid = tid;
            this.tname = tname;
    
        }
    
        public Integer getTid() {
            return tid;
        }
    
        public void setTid(Integer tid) {
            this.tid = tid;
        }
    
        public String getTname() {
            return tname;
        }
    
        public void setTname(String tname) {
            this.tname = tname;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Tea{" +
                    "tid=" + tid +
                    ", tname='" + tname + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    

    创建stu_tea实体类(该表在本次测试用不到)

      package com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo;
    
    public class Stu_Tea {
    
        private Stu stu;
        private Tea tea;
    
        public Stu_Tea() {
     }
    
    
        public Stu_Tea(Stu stu, Tea tea) {
            this.stu = stu;
            this.tea = tea;
        }
    
        public Stu getStu() {
            return stu;
        }
    
        public void setStu(Stu stu) {
            this.stu = stu;
        }
    
        public Tea getTea() {
            return tea;
        }
    
        public void setTea(Tea tea) {
            this.tea = tea;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Stu_Tea{" +
                    "stu=" + stu +
                    ", tea=" + tea +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    
  3. 写接口

    package com.bjpowernode.ba04.dao;
    
    import com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo.Stu;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public interface StuDao {
        List<Stu> getstuandtea();
    }
    
    
  4. 写接口的配置文件

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.bjpowernode.ba04.dao.StuDao">
        <select id="getstuandtea" resultMap="getStuMap">
          SELECT s.`sid`,s.`sname`,t.tid,t.tname
          FROM stu s
          INNER JOIN stu_tea st
          ON st.t_id=s.sid
          INNER JOIN tea t
          ON st.`s_id`=t.`tid`
    </select>
    
        <resultMap id="getStuMap" type="com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo.Stu">
            <id property="sid" column="sid"/>
            <result property="sname" column="sname"/>
            <collection property="teas" ofType="com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo.Tea">
                <id property="tid" column="tid"/>
                <result property="tname" column="tname"/>
            </collection>
        </resultMap>
    
    
    </mapper>
    
    
  5. 在主配置文件添加配置文件

       <!--        其余部分与一对一的主配置文件一样--> 
    <mappers>
    <!--        <mapper resource="com/bjpowernode/dao/StudentDao.xml"/>-->
            <package name="com.bjpowernode.ba04"/>
     </mappers>
    
  6. 编写测试类

    package com.bjpowernode;
    
    import com.bjpowernode.ba04.dao.StuDao;
    import com.bjpowernode.ba04.pojo.Stu;
    import com.bjpowernode.utils.MyBatisUtils;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class MyTest4 {
    
        @Test
        public void test01(){
            SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtils.getSqlSession();
            StuDao mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StuDao.class);
            List<Stu> getstuandtea = mapper.getstuandtea();
            for (Stu s:getstuandtea) {
                System.out.println(s);
            }
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
    

    7.测试结果

       Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@45c7e403]
    ==>  Preparing: SELECT s.`sid`,s.`sname`,t.tid,t.tname FROM stu s INNER JOIN stu_tea st ON st.t_id=s.sid INNER JOIN tea t ON st.`s_id`=t.`tid` 
    ==> Parameters: 
    <==    Columns: sid, sname, tid, tname
    <==        Row: 1, 张三, 1, 李老师
    <==        Row: 2, 李四, 2, 王老师
    <==        Row: 1, 张三, 2, 王老师
    <==        Row: 1, 张三, 3, 张老师
    <==        Row: 3, 王五, 3, 张老师
    <==      Total: 5
    Stu{sid=1, sname='张三', teas=[Tea{tid=1, tname='李老师'}, Tea{tid=2, tname='王老师'}, Tea{tid=3, tname='张老师'}]}
    Stu{sid=2, sname='李四', teas=[Tea{tid=2, tname='王老师'}]}
    Stu{sid=3, sname='王五', teas=[Tea{tid=3, tname='张老师'}]}
    Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@45c7e403]
    Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@45c7e403]
    Returned connection 1170727939 to pool.
    

以上属于个人见解,若其中有误之处,可以在评论发表你的观点。

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