求导链式法则证明

求导链式法则证明

链式法则

$$\begin{array}{rl}& 对于一元连续函数y=f(u)，如果f(u)在u=g(x)处可导且u在g(x)=x_0处可导，\\ 那么& 复合函数(f\circ g)(x)=f(g(x))在x_0处可导，且(f\circ g{)}^{\prime }(x)=f^{\prime }(g(x))\cdot g^{\prime }(x)\\ 即& \frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}=\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta u}\cdot \frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x}\end{array}$$

依据

$$\begin{array}{rl}& 若\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }f(x)=a,\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }g(x)=b,\\ & 则\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }f(x)g(x)=\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }f(x)\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }g(x)=ab\end{array}\text{\hspace{1em}(1)}$$

$$\begin{array}{r}对于连续函数u(x)，\Delta x\to 0时，u(x)\to 0\end{array}\text{\hspace{1em}(2)}$$

证明

$$\begin{array}{rl}& 当x变化\Delta x时，有\Delta u=g(x+\Delta x)-g(x)，\\ 那么& \Delta y=f(x+\Delta u)-f(x)。利用分式\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}=\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta u}\cdot \frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x}\\ 证明& :\end{array}$$

$$\begin{array}{rl}\frac{dy}{dx}& =\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}\\ & =\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta u}\cdot \frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x}\\ & =\underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta u}\cdot \underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x}\\ & =\underset{\Delta u\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta u}\cdot \underset{\Delta x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\Delta u}{\Delta x}\\ & =\frac{dy}{du}\cdot \frac{du}{dx}\end{array}$$