HIFI的未来——PCHIFI。谈谈PCHIFI音源和系统设置.
http://www.8775.com/Info/201206/News-7402.Html
ASIO、WDM都是指音频通道,就是音频数据走的路。
ASIO指的是ASIO音频通道。
WDM是指WDM类型的音频通道,具体包括WaveOut、DirectSound(简称DS)、Kernel Streaming(简称KS),Windows Vista和7 还比XP多了WASAPI。
打形象的比喻,音频数据是车,操作系统的音频部分是一条路。
WaveOut、DirectSound(简称DS)就好比最一般的公用车道,大家可以并行走(程序可以一起发声),但要受到一些旁车的影响。
Kernel Streaming(简称KS),WASAPI好比在这条操作系统音频之路上划出一条专用道,只允许一个车走,虽然还走着一条路,但没有干扰了,程序独占。
ASIO就好比我压根不走操作系统那条路了,我自己专门再修一条新路,自己走自己的,不过操作系统公共音频部分了。
其实ASIO最有价值的地方在于录音,它的最大特点在于声音数据在通道里通行快,延时小(音频传输是需要若干毫秒的时间的,对于精确录音和声音混音合成,很是敏感)。但在播放上,它的价值也就是信号干扰小,较纯净,保真。
Multimedia Bit Rate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate#Audio
Audio[edit]
CD-DA, the standard audio CD, is said to have a data rate of 44.1 kHz/16, meaning that the audio data was sampled 44,100 times per second and with a bit depth of 16. CD-DA is also stereo, using a left and right channel, so the amount of audio data per second is double that of mono, where only a single channel is used.
The bit rate of PCM audio data can be calculated with the following formula:
For example, the bit rate of a CD-DA recording (44.1 kHz sampling rate, 16 bits per sample and 2 channels) can be calculated as follows:
The cumulative size of a length of audio data (excluding a file header or other metadata) can be calculated using the following formula:
The cumulative size in bytes can be found by dividing the file size in bits by the number of bits in a byte, which is 8:
Therefore, 80 minutes (4,800 seconds) of CD-DA data requires 846,720,000 bytes of storage:
MP3[edit]
The MP3 audio format lossy data compression. Audio quality improves with increasing bitrate.
- 32 kbit/s - generally acceptable only for speech
- 96 kbit/s - generally used for speech or low-quality streaming
- 128 or 160 kbit/s – mid-range bitrate quality
- 192 kbit/s - a commonly used high-quality bitrate
- 320 kbit/s - highest level supported by MP3 standard
Other audio[edit]
- 800 bit/s – minimum necessary for recognizable speech, using the special-purpose FS-1015 speech codecs.
- 1400 bit/s – lowest bitrate open-source speech codec Codec2.[15]
- 2.15 kbit/s – minimum bitrate available through the open-source Speex codec.
- 8 kbit/s – telephone quality using speech codecs.
- 32-500 kbit/s – lossy audio as used in Ogg Vorbis.
- 256 kbit/s – Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB.) MP2 bit rate required to achieve a high quality signal.[16]
- 400 kbit/s–1,411 kbit/s – lossless audio as used in formats such as Free Lossless Audio Codec, WavPack, orMonkey's Audio to compress CD audio.
- 1,411.2 kbit/s – Linear PCM sound format of CD-DA.
- 5,644.8 kbit/s - DSD, which is a trademarked implementation of PDM sound format used on Super Audio CD.[17]
- 6.144 Mbit/s - E-AC-3 (Dolby Digital Plus), which is an enhanced coding system based on the AC-3 codec.
- 18 Mbit/s - advanced lossless audio codec based on Meridian Lossless Packing.
Video[edit]
- 16 kbit/s – videophone quality (minimum necessary for a consumer-acceptable "talking head" picture using various video compression schemes)
- 128–384 kbit/s – business-oriented videoconferencing quality using video compression
- 1.15 Mbit/s max – VCD quality (using MPEG1 compression)[18]
- 3.5 Mbit/s typ — Standard-definition television quality (with bit-rate reduction from MPEG-2 compression)
- 9.8 Mbit/s max – DVD (using MPEG2 compression)[19]
- 8 to 15 Mbit/s typ – HDTV quality (with bit-rate reduction from MPEG-4 AVC compression)
- 19 Mbit/s approximate — HDV 720p (using MPEG2 compression)[20]
- 24 Mbit/s max — AVCHD (using MPEG4 AVC compression)[21]
- 25 Mbit/s approximate — HDV 1080i (using MPEG2 compression)[20]
- 29.4 Mbit/s max – HD DVD
- 40 Mbit/s max – Blu-ray Disc (using MPEG2, AVC or VC-1 compression)[22]