Json对象的学习
首先是json对象在前端和js对象的相互转换
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSON</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
//定义一个js对象
var str = {
name:"张三",
age:3,
sex:"男"
};
//将js对象转换成JSON串
var json = JSON.stringify(str);
console.log(json)
console.log("=======================");
//将json对象转换成js对象
var obj = JSON.parse(json);
console.log(obj)
</script>
</body>
</html>
结果如下
那么前后端如何交流信息呢，主要是借助jackson和fastJson
导入jackson和fastJson依赖(pom.xml)
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.78</version>
</dependency>
配置文件 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--注册DispatcherServlet 本质就是一个servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载springmvc-servlet.xml文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--配置web.xml文件的启动级别-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--2.使用springmvc给定的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--扫描特定包下的注解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zkw.controller"/>
<!--mvc注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--解决json乱码-->
<mvc:message-converters>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
来一个实体类
package com.zkw.pojo;
import lombok.*;
@Getter @Setter @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor @ToString
public class User {
private int id ;
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
}
再来一个json把ava对象转换成字符串的类
package com.zkw.Utils;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
public class JsonUtils {
public static String getJson(Object object){
return getJson(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
public static String getJson(Object object, String dateFormat){
//通过使用jackson 中的ObjectMapper 来吧user对象转换成字符串
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//不使用时间戳的方式
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false);
//自定义日期的格式
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
try {
//把对象转换成字符串
return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
最后来一个Controller
在Controller中想要方法返回的值是一个字符串不被视图解析器解析，那么有两种方法
第一种在类上使用@RestController这个注解
第二种在类上使用@Controller 在方法使用@ResponseBody就可以了
把对象转成字符串，不一定非要使用JSON也可以是使用实体类中的toString()方法。
package com.zkw.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.zkw.Utils.JsonUtils;
import com.zkw.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
//@Controller
@RestController //注解的作用：标注这个类中的所有方法的返回值不会被试图解析器解析，它就是一个字符串
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/json/t1")
//@ResponseBody //注解的作用：标注这个方法的返回值不会被试图解析器解析，它就是一个字符串
public String test1() throws JsonProcessingException {
User user = new User(1,"司空嫣然",18,"女");
//通过使用jackson 中的ObjectMapper 来吧user对象转换成字符串
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
String str = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user);
//第一种把对象转换成字符串给前端返回的方法：使用toString()方法user.toString()
return str;
}
@GetMapping("/json/t2")
public String test2() {
User user1 = new User(1,"司空嫣然",18,"女");
User user2 = new User(2,"叶凡",18,"男");
User user3 = new User(3,"邀月",18,"女");
User user4 = new User(4,"伶星",18,"女");
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
userList.add(user3);
userList.add(user4);
return JsonUtils.getJson(userList);
}
@GetMapping("/json/t3")
public String test3() {
Date date = new Date();
return JsonUtils.getJson(date);
}
//使用的是fastjson
@GetMapping("/json/t4")
public String test4() {
User user2 = new User(1,"叶凡",18,"男");
User user1 = new User(2,"司空嫣然",18,"女");
User user3 = new User(3,"邀月",18,"女");
User user4 = new User(4,"伶星",18,"女");
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
userList.add(user3);
userList.add(user4);
System.out.println("************Java对象 转 JSON对象************");
String str1 = JSON.toJSONString(userList);
System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(userList)===>"+str1);
String str2 = JSON.toJSONString(user1);
System.out.println("JSON.toJSONString(user1)===>"+str2);
System.out.println("\n************JSON对象 转 Java对象************");
User jp_user = JSON.parseObject(str2, User.class);
System.out.println("JSON.parseObject(str2, User.class)===>"+jp_user);
System.out.println("\n************Java对象 转 JSON对象************");
JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2);
System.out.println("(JSONObject) JSON.toJSON(user2)===>"+jsonObject);
System.out.println("\n************JSON对象 转 Java对象************");
User to_Java_user = JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject, User.class);
System.out.println("JSON.toJavaObject(jsonObject, User.class)===>"+to_Java_user);
return "Hello";
}
}
结果如下:
jaskson的结果
请求http://localhost:8080/json/t1的结果如下
请求http://localhost:8080/json/t2的结果如下
请求http://localhost:8080/json/t3的结果如下
fastjson的结果
请求http://localhost:8080/json/t4的结果如下
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