JUC系列——CyclicBarrier

简介

上次简要介绍了 CountDownLatch ,CountDownLatch只能使用一次，想要循环使用我们就需要用CyclicBarrier。

方法类似

• 构造参数 N 仍为倒计时起始数据 count
• 多出来一个可选的 Runnable 参数 为count=0时要执行的任务
• await(); 当前线程挂起，直到 count=0；此时会执行 Runnable 任务，然后唤醒所有挂起的线程继续执行，并将count重新置为N，开启一个新的纪元

示例程序：

• 赛马比赛终点35m
• 3匹马每秒前进1次
• 3匹马每次能随机前进 0-5m
• 3匹马都前进一次后进行检查谁到达的终点
• 如果有到达终点的就结束比赛，否则继续前进

代码

赛马

public class HorseRace {
    static final int FINISH_LINE = 35;
    private List<Horse> horses = new ArrayList<>();
    private ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
    private CyclicBarrier barrier;

    public HorseRace(int nHorse, final int pause) {
        /**
         * count 为0 时，执行runnable，然后唤醒所有 parties
         */
        barrier = new CyclicBarrier(nHorse, () -> {
            StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < FINISH_LINE; i++) {
                s.append("=");
            }
            System.out.println(s);
            horses.forEach(horse -> System.out.println(horse.tracks()));
            for (Horse horse : horses) {
                if (horse.getStrides() >= FINISH_LINE) {
                    System.out.println(horse + " won!");
                    exec.shutdownNow();
                    return;
                }
            }

            try {
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(pause);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("barrier-action sleep interrupted");
            }
        });

        for (int i = 0; i < nHorse; i++) {
            Horse horse = new Horse(barrier);
            horses.add(horse);
            exec.execute(horse);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int nHorses = 3;
        int pause = 1000;
        new HorseRace(nHorses, pause);
    }
}


public class Horse implements Runnable {

    private static int counter = 0;
    private final int id = counter++;
    private int strides = 0;
    private static Random random = new Random(47);
    private CyclicBarrier barrier;

    public Horse(CyclicBarrier barrier) {
        this.barrier = barrier;
    }

    public synchronized int getStrides() {
        return strides;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    strides += random.nextInt(5);
                }
                // 使当前线程处于等待状态，当barrier中所有线程的任务都完成（处于等待状态时）又开始执行
                barrier.await();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Horse " + id + " ";
    }

    public String tracks() {
        StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < getStrides(); i++) {
            s.append("*");
        }
        s.append(id);
        return s.toString();
    }
}

结果

===================================
***0
1
***2
===================================
****0
****1
****2
===================================
******0
*******1
****2
===================================
********0
**********1
*******2
===================================
************0
**************1
********2
===================================
*************0
*****************1
***********2
===================================
*************0
********************1
************2
===================================
**************0
**********************1
************2
===================================
*****************0
**************************1
*************2
===================================
*******************0
**************************1
*************2
===================================
***********************0
**************************1
*****************2
===================================
*************************0
***************************1
******************2
===================================
*****************************0
******************************1
**********************2
===================================
********************************0
*******************************1
**********************2
===================================
*********************************0
**********************************1
************************2
===================================
*************************************0
**********************************1
**************************2
Horse 0 won!