java用ffmpeg获取音频信息及转化音频采样率、比特率、声道数量、格式

近期接到一个音频转换的需求，涉及音频信息获取、格式转换、采样率、比特率、声道数量改变，现将具体demo分享给大家。
首先先安装ffmpeg，安装后的bin目录如下所示：

我们主要用ffprobe、ffmpeg这两个执行程序，其中ffprobe用于获取音频流信息、ffmpeg用于音频转换，下面直接上代码

获取音频信息

  public String getAudioInformation(String filePath) {
      Runtime run = null;
       Process p = null;
       try {
           run = Runtime.getRuntime();
           p = run.exec("ffprobe -v quiet -show_format -show_streams -print_format json " + filePath);
           BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(p.getInputStream());
           BufferedReader inBr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
           StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
           String lineStr;
           while ((lineStr = inBr.readLine()) != null) {
               sb.append(lineStr);
           }
           if (p.waitFor() != 0) {
               if (p.exitValue() == 1)
                   log.error("命令执行失败!");
                   return null;
           }
           return sb.toString();
       } catch (Exception e) {
           log.error("msg=getAudioInformation异常：{}", e.getMessage(), e);
       } finally {
           try {
               p.getOutputStream().close();
               p.getInputStream().close();
               p.getErrorStream().close();
               run.freeMemory();
           } catch (IOException e) {
               log.error("msg=getAudioInformation异常：{}", e.getMessage(), e);
           }
       }
       return null;
   }

@Test
public void getAudioInformation() {
    String filePath = "/Users/hetao/Desktop/Ensoniq-ZR-76-01-Dope-77.wav";
    log.info("audioInformation:{}", ffmpegUtil.getAudioInformation(filePath));
}

格式化后的结果：

{
  "streams": [
    {
      "index": 0,
      "codec_name": "pcm_s16le",
      "codec_long_name": "PCM signed 16-bit little-endian",
      "codec_type": "audio",
      "codec_time_base": "1/44100",
      "codec_tag_string": "[1][0][0][0]",
      "codec_tag": "0x0001",
      "sample_fmt": "s16",
      "sample_rate": "44100",
      "channels": 2,
      "bits_per_sample": 16,
      "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
      "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
      "time_base": "1/44100",
      "duration_ts": 137095,
      "duration": "3.108730",
      "bit_rate": "1411200",
      "disposition": {
        "default": 0,
        "dub": 0,
        "original": 0,
        "comment": 0,
        "lyrics": 0,
        "karaoke": 0,
        "forced": 0,
        "hearing_impaired": 0,
        "visual_impaired": 0,
        "clean_effects": 0,
        "attached_pic": 0,
        "timed_thumbnails": 0
      }
    }
  ],
  "format": {
    "filename": "/Users/hetao/Desktop/Ensoniq-ZR-76-01-Dope-77.wav",
    "nb_streams": 1,
    "nb_programs": 0,
    "format_name": "wav",
    "format_long_name": "WAV / WAVE (Waveform Audio)",
    "duration": "3.108730",
    "size": "548500",
    "bit_rate": "1411508",
    "probe_score": 99,
    "tags": {
      "artist": "freewavesamples.com",
      "title": "test",
      "encoder": "Lavf58.45.100"
    }
  }
}

音频转换处理

public void waveMaker(String sourcePath, String targetPath) {
     Runtime run = null;
     Process p = null;
     try {
         run = Runtime.getRuntime();
         //-ac 1:声道数量转成1  -ar 22050:采样率转成22050Hz  -ab 64k:比特率转成64kb
         //格式通过targetPath后缀自动识别转换
         String command = "ffmpeg -i " + sourcePath + " -ac 1 -ar 22050 -ab 64k " + targetPath;
         if (StringUtils.isBlank(command)) {
             return;
         }
         p = run.exec(command);
         p.waitFor();
         log.info("sourcePath:{} convert to targetPath:{} success", sourcePath, targetPath);
     } catch (Exception e) {
         log.error("msg=waveMaker异常：{}", e.getMessage(), e);
     } finally {
         try {
             p.getOutputStream().close();
             p.getInputStream().close();
             p.getErrorStream().close();
             run.freeMemory();
         } catch (IOException e) {
             log.error("msg=waveMaker异常：{}", e.getMessage(), e);
         }
     }
 }

@Test
public void waveMaker() {
    String sourcePath = "/Users/hetao/Desktop/Ensoniq-ZR-76-01-Dope-77.wav";
    String targetPath = "/Users/hetao/Desktop/Ensoniq-ZR-76-01-Dope-77.mp3";
    ffmpegUtil.waveMaker(sourcePath, targetPath);
}

查看转换后的音频信息：

localhost:Desktop hetao$ pwd
/Users/hetao/Desktop
localhost:Desktop hetao$ ffmpeg -i Ensoniq-ZR-76-01-Dope-77.mp3
ffmpeg version 4.3.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.17)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/4.3.1_4 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --enable-avresample --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags= --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libbluray --enable-libdav1d --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librav1e --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsrt --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libsoxr --enable-videotoolbox --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack
  libavutil      56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
  libavcodec     58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
  libavformat    58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
  libavdevice    58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
  libavfilter     7. 85.100 /  7. 85.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  7.100 /  5.  7.100
  libswresample   3.  7.100 /  3.  7.100
  libpostproc    55.  7.100 / 55.  7.100
Input #0, mp3, from 'Ensoniq-ZR-76-01-Dope-77.mp3':
  Metadata:
    artist          : freewavesamples.com
    title           : test
    encoder         : Lavf58.45.100
  Duration: 00:00:03.19, start: 0.050113, bitrate: 64 kb/s
    Stream #0:0: Audio: mp3, 22050 Hz, mono, fltp, 64 kb/s

注：
声道转换可能影响比特率的值
转换前后如果inputPath、outputPath路径一致，转换不生效（本地测试结果）

欢迎拍砖交流~