LeetCode之15_3Sum

题目原文：

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.

Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.

For example, given array S = [-1, 0, 1, 2, -1, -4],

A solution set is:
[
  [-1, 0, 1],
  [-1, -1, 2]
]

题意分析：

给出一个数组，从中寻找三个数字并满足其和为零的条件，放回所有可能的组合情况。

首先对传入的数组进行排序，然后从左到右遍历每个元素(零元素左侧)，将其作为哨兵。在哨兵元素右侧查找两个其和与哨兵元素的绝对值相等的元素。

除三个元素都为零的情况外，必定至少有一个元素为负数。

解题代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;



//先对容器进行排序，从左到右便利每个元素a，从其右侧找到两个符合条件的元素b和c，满足 -a = b+c
//对b和c的查找可在线性时间内完成，因此问题的解决时间为O(n^2)
class Solution {
public:
	vector<vector<int>> threeSum(vector<int>& nums) {
		vector<vector<int>> vRet;
		vector<int> vElem;
		int nSum = 0;
 
		if (nums.size()<3)
		{
			return vRet;
		}

		sort(nums.begin(),nums.end());


		for (int i =0; i<nums.size()-2; i++)
		{
			nSum = -nums[i];
			int nHead = i+1;
			int nTail = nums.size()-1;

			//上一次循环已经查找过
			if (i>0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1])
			{
				continue;
			}

			//其右侧不可能有组合使其和为零，退出查找
			if (nSum < 0)
			{
				break;
			}
			//比较完所有可能性
			while (nHead < nTail)
			{
				if (nHead > i+1 && nums[nHead] == nums[nHead-1])
				{
					nHead++;
					continue;
				}
				if (nSum < nums[nHead] + nums[nTail])
				{
					nTail--;
				}
				else if (nSum > nums[nHead] + nums[nTail])
				{
					nHead++;
				}
				else
				{
					vElem.clear();
					vElem.push_back(-nSum);
					vElem.push_back(nums[nHead]);
					vElem.push_back(nums[nTail]);
					nHead++;
					vRet.push_back(vElem);
				}
			}



		}
		return vRet;
	}
};

//int main()
//{
//	int nArr[] = {7,-1,14,-12,-8,7,2,-15,8,8,-8,-14,-4,-5,7,9,11,-4,-15,-6,1,-14,4,3,10,-5,2,1,6,11,2,-2,-5,-7,-6,2,-15,11,-6,8,-4,2,1,-1,4,-6,-15,1,5,-15,10,14,9,-8,-6,4,-6,11,12,-15,7,-1,-9,9,-1,0,-4,-1,-12,-2,14,-9,7,0,-3,-4,1,-2,12,14,-10,0,5,14,-1,14,3,8,10,-8,8,-5,-2,6,-11,12,13,-7,-12,8,6,-13,14,-2,-5,-11,1,3,-6};
//	int nLeng = sizeof(nArr)/sizeof(int);
//	vector<int> vInput(nArr,nArr+nLeng);
//
//	vector<vector<int>> vout = Solution().threeSum(vInput);
//	int n = vout.size();
//	cout<<n<<endl;
//	system("pause");
//	return 1;
//}