C++形参传入示例

void add(int *a)
{
	(*a) = (*a) -5 ;
}
//值传递，将实参的一个副本作为函数形参传递给函数
void swapValue(int a,int b)
{
	int temp=a;
	a =b;
	b=temp;
}

//指针传递参数，将实参的地址传递给函数内部，虽然作了副本传入，但是改变是仍是实参地址上的值。
void swapByPointer(int *a, int *b)
{
	int temp = *a;
	*a=*b;
	*b=temp;
}

//引用传递，此时传递给函数的是由主调函数放进来的实参变量的地址.
//被调函数对形参的任何操作都被处理成间接寻址，即通过栈中存放的地址访问主调函数中的实参变量。
// 正因为如此，被调函数对形参做的任何操作都影响了主调函数中的实参变量
void swapByRef( int &a, int &b)
{
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b=temp;
}

//传递指向指针的引用,实现两个指针的交换。
void swapByPointerRef(int * &a, int *&b)
{
	int *temp = a;
	a=b;
	b=temp;
}

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;
	int *pa = &a;
	int *pb = &b;

	cout<<"a = "<<a<<"  b = "<<b<<endl;
	cout<<"*pa = "<<*pa<<" *pb = "<<*pb<<endl;
	cout<<"pa = "<<pa<<" pb = "<<pb<<endl;

	add(&a);
	cout<<"===a = "<<a<<endl;

	swapValue(a,b);
	cout<<endl<<"swapValue \n";
	cout<<"a = "<<a<<"  b = "<<b<<endl;
	cout<<"*pa = "<<*pa<<" *pb = "<<*pb<<endl;
	cout<<"pa = "<<pa<<" pb = "<<pb<<endl;

	swapByPointer(&a,&b);
	cout<<"\n swapByPointer  \n";
	cout<<"a = "<<a<<"  b = "<<b<<endl;
	cout<<"*pa = "<<*pa<<" *pb = "<<*pb<<endl;
	cout<<"pa = "<<pa<<" pb = "<<pb<<endl;

	swapByRef(a,b);
	cout<<"\n swapByRef  \n";
	cout<<"a = "<<a<<"  b = "<<b<<endl;
	cout<<"*pa = "<<*pa<<" *pb = "<<*pb<<endl;
	cout<<"pa = "<<pa<<" pb = "<<pb<<endl;

	swapByPointerRef(pa,pb);
	cout<<"\n swapByPointerRef \n";
	cout<<"a = "<<a<<"  b = "<<b<<endl;
	cout<<"*pa = "<<*pa<<" *pb = "<<*pb<<endl;
	cout<<"pa = "<<pa<<" pb = "<<pb<<endl;

	return 0;
}

输出结果：
a = 10  b = 20
*pa = 10 *pb = 20
pa = 0012FF60 pb = 0012FF54
===a = 5

swapValue
a = 5  b = 20
*pa = 5 *pb = 20
pa = 0012FF60 pb = 0012FF54

 swapByPointer
a = 20  b = 5
*pa = 20 *pb = 5
pa = 0012FF60 pb = 0012FF54

 swapByRef
a = 5  b = 20
*pa = 5 *pb = 20
pa = 0012FF60 pb = 0012FF54

 swapByPointerRef
a = 5  b = 20
*pa = 20 *pb = 5
pa = 0012FF54 pb = 0012FF60